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Inflammatory Biomarkers for Cancer

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Abstract

Cancer is associated with various degrees of inflammation locally and systemically, due to an immunological response towards the malignant lesions. Here, we review several inflammatory parameters as biomarkers and prognostic tools for cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the paradigm of a causative relationship between chronic inflammatory disease and cancer development. However, close examination of the data reveals that the risk of CRC in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been largely overestimated. In fact, IBD patients only have a slightly increased risk of developing CRC (standardized incidence ratio ~1.7), which only weakly supports the link between chronic inflammation and cancer. However, long-term immunosuppressive treatment of IBD patients is associated with an increased risk of cancer in general, particularly hematologic and skin cancers. In contrast, there is a strong association between infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, and gastric cancer. Therefore, H. pylori seropositivity or the associated gastritis should be considered risk factors for gastric cancer, and treatment to eradicate H. pylori in infected individuals is recommended. We also review several cytokines of the interleukin-1 family and cytokines that converge on STAT3 signalling because they are suitable to illustrate the multitude of cytokine actions that makes interpretation of one single cytokine as a cancer biomarker very complex.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Norwegian Cancer Society (grant no. 198040), the Research Council of Norway (Grants 2009-2014) under project contract NFI/R/2014/051 and the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2016116, 2019080).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Alexandre Corthay

  2. Vascular Biology Lab, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Guttorm Haraldsen

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  1. Alexandre Corthay
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  2. Guttorm Haraldsen
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Correspondence to Guttorm Haraldsen .

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  1. Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Lars A. Akslen

  2. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA

    Randolph S. Watnick

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Corthay, A., Haraldsen, G. (2022). Inflammatory Biomarkers for Cancer. In: Akslen, L.A., Watnick, R.S. (eds) Biomarkers of the Tumor Microenvironment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98950-7_12

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