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Extracellular Phosphate, Inflammation and Cytotoxicity

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Phosphate Metabolism

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1362))

Abstract

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell membrane integrity, synthesis of nucleic acids, energy metabolism, intracellular signaling, and hard tissue mineralization. Therefore, the control of phosphorus balance is critical in all living organisms, and the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-αKlotho system is central to maintain phosphate homeostasis in mammals. Although phosphate is indispensable for basic cellular functions, its excessive retention is toxic and can affect almost all organ systems’ functionality. In human patients, hyperphosphatemia has been implicated in an increase in morbidity and mortality. Also, mouse models with hyperphosphatemia generated by disruption of the FGF23-αKlotho system exhibit extensive tissue damage, premature aging, and a short lifespan. Experimental studies using cell and animal models suggest that cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of elevated phosphate are partly mediated by abnormal cell signaling and oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of our current understanding regarding the toxicity of phosphate.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan

    Toshimi Michigami & Miwa Yamazaki

  2. Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA

    Mohammed S. Razzaque

Authors
  1. Toshimi Michigami
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  2. Miwa Yamazaki
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  3. Mohammed S. Razzaque
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Correspondence to Toshimi Michigami .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA

    Mohammed S. Razzaque

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Michigami, T., Yamazaki, M., Razzaque, M.S. (2022). Extracellular Phosphate, Inflammation and Cytotoxicity. In: Razzaque, M.S. (eds) Phosphate Metabolism . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1362. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91623-7_3

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