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Herbal Drugs Against Polio Infections: Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry, and Clinical and Preclinical Studies

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

  • 26 Accesses

Abstract

One of the most common viral diseases, polio, is caused by poliovirus, an enterovirus C serotype, belonging to the family of Picornaviridae. It is a positive-stranded RNA virus; the infection majorly occurs through the fecal-oral route. In 95% of the cases, the infection is majorly asymptomatic, and it mainly attacks the central nervous system, thus leading to temporary or permanent paralysis. Although polio has been successfully eradicated from India, the World Health Organization (WHO) has taken major initiatives to eradicate the disease from the world. Herbal medicines and extracts isolated from medicinal plants are promising products to be considered as potent candidate drugs. Herbal drugs are a combined outcome of pharmacognosy, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and botany. After successful clinical trials, these herbal drugs can be implemented in infected patients to estimate its efficacy.

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Abbreviations

A1PI:

Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor

Ach:

Acetylcholine

AE:

Aqueous extracts

Ala:

Alanine

BFA:

Brefeldin A

BGM:

Buffalo Green Monkey

CC50:

Cytotoxic concentration

CCB:

Calcium channel blockers

CNS:

Central nervous system

CPE:

Cytopathic effect

EC50:

Effective concentration

EPTT:

End point titration technique

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

ERD2:

ER lumen protein-retaining receptor

Gln:

Glutamine

Glu:

Glutamic acid

HAE:

Hydroalcoholic extracts

HBB:

Hydroxybenzyl-benzimidazole

HRV:

Human rhinoviruses

IC50:

Inhibitory concentration of 50%

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1

IFA:

Immunofluorescence assay

Ile:

Isoleucine

IRES:

Internal ribosome entry site

KDEL:

Lysine-aspartic acid-glutamic acid-leucine receptor

Met:

Methionine

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MNTD:

Maximum nontoxic dose

MTT:

(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)

PV:

Poliovirus

PV1:

Poliovirus serotype 1

PV2:

Poliovirus serotype 2

PV3:

Poliovirus serotype 3

PVR:

Poliovirus receptor

Rf:

Reduction factor

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

Ser:

Serine

SGC:

Stack of Golgi cisternae

SI:

Selectivity index

Thr:

Threonine

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Author notes

  1. Authors Shyam Sundar Nandi, Priyanka Paul and Upendra Pradeep Lambe have equally contributed to this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICMR-National Institute of Virology, (Mumbai unit), (Formerly Enterovirus Research Centre), Haffkine Institute Compound, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India

    Shyam Sundar Nandi, Priyanka Paul, Upendra Pradeep Lambe, Sakshi Phalke & Sonali Ankush Sawant

  2. Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT & Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, India

    Alpana Moghe

  3. Department of Botany, J K College, Purulia, West Bengal, India

    Sujit Ghosh

  4. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India

    Neeta Kumar

  5. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India

    Chiranjib Chakraborty

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  1. Shyam Sundar Nandi
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  1. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India

    Dilipkumar Pal

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Nandi, S.S. et al. (2023). Herbal Drugs Against Polio Infections: Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry, and Clinical and Preclinical Studies. In: Pal, D. (eds) Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83350-3_14-1

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