Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Role of Antioxidants in Longevity and Age-Related Diseases pp 1–6Cite as

Introduction and Background

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 396 Accesses

Abstract

In the last few decades, antioxidant has made their way from supplements and capsules to maintain human health. The demand for antioxidants has skyrocketed and the market is projected to markedly increase in the next few decades. The growing interest in antioxidants takes part in a broader interest in preventive medicine. Therefore, we are starting to appreciate the immense role of bioactive components found in certain foods has in health. Food rich in antioxidants such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grain has flooded supermarket shelves. However, how exactly do antioxidants contribute to health required further elucidation. As we age, a variety of changes take place in the tissues and organs that put us at higher risk for age-related diseases. Changes in immune function such as decreased antibody production and reduced phagocytic cell function decline in immune system. These changes increased the susceptibility to the diseases by reducing an ability of the body to remove pathogens and cell debris. Substantial evidence has suggested that antioxidants can decrease oxidative stress and facilitate in combating the age-related disorders by enhancing the immune system. By strengthening the immune system, antioxidants can arm the older population against chronic diseases. Therefore, this book attempts to discuss the issues about antioxidant, aging, and age-related diseases, including changes in organ systems over the lifespan, age-related oxidative stress-induced redox imbalance, inflammaging, implications of inflammation in aging and age-related diseases, the role of antioxidants on health and age-related diseases, and future prospects. Taken together, an increasing amount of antioxidant-rich foods in the diet may counteract oxidative stress and subsequently promoting healthy longevity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alvarez-Arellano L, González-Garcia N, Salazar-García M et al (2020) Antioxidants as a potential target against inflammation and oxidative stress in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Antioxidants 9:176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bast A, Haenen GRMM (2015) Chapter 2 Nutritional antioxidants: it is time to categorise. In: Lamprecht M (ed) Antioxidants in sport nutrition. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Haim MS, Kanfi Y, Mitchell SJ et al (2018) Breaking the ceiling of human maximal life span. J Gerontol 73:1465–1471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunetta HS, Holwerda AM, van Loon LJC et al (2020) Mitochondrial ROS and aging: understanding exercise as a preventive tool. J Sci Sport Exerc 2:15–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Case AJ (2017) On the origin of superoxide dismutase: an evolutionary perspective of superoxide-mediated redox signaling. Antioxidants 6:82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cervellati C, Trentini A, Pecorelli A et al (2020) Inflammation in neurological disorders: the thin boundary between brain and periphery. Antioxid Redox Signal 33:191–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dogru M, Kojima T, Simsek C et al (2018) Potential role of oxidative stress in ocular surface inflammation and dry eye disease. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:DES163–DES168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia MA, Saenz JL, Downer B et al (2018) Age of migration differentials in life expectancy with cognitive impairment: 20-year findings from the Hispanic-EPESE. Gerontologist 58:894–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granzow A (1978) Flame retardation by phosphorus compounds. Acc Chem Res 11:177–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutteridge JMC, Mitchell J (1999) Redox imbalance in the critically ill. Br Med Bull 55:49–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harman D (1956) Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol 11:298–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He L, He T, Farrar S et al (2017) Antioxidants maintain cellular redox homeostasis by elimination of reactive oxygen species. Cell Physiol Biochem 44:532–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hekimi S, Wang Y, Noë A (2016) Mitochondrial ROS and the effectors of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in aging cells: the discerning killers! Front Genet 7:161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalska M, Peikut T, Prendecki M et al (2020) Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA oxidative damage in physiological and pathological aging. DNA Cell Biol 39:1410–1420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Książek K (2010) Let’s stop overlooking bacterial aging. Biogerontology 11:717–723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmic M, Galas S, Lecomte-Pradines C et al (2019) Interplay between ionizing radiation effects and aging in C. elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 134:657–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leite NR, de Araújo LCA, dos Santos da Rocha P (2020) Baru pulp (Dipteryx alata Vogel): fruit from the Brazilian Savanna protects against oxidative stress and increases the life expectancy of Caenorhabditis elegans via SOD-3 and DAF-16. Biomol Ther 10:1106

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Puma LC, Hedges M, Heckman JM et al (2020) Experimental oxygen concentration influences rates of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release from cardiac and skeletal muscle preparations. Am J Phys 318:R972–R980

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieu M, Traynham CJ, de Lucia C et al (2020) Loss of dynamic regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 by nitric oxide leads to cardiovascular dysfunction with aging. Am J Phys 318:H1162–H1175

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin SJ, Austriaco N (2014) Aging and cell death in the other yeasts, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 14:119–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Zhang X, Su Z et al (2019) Carnosol improved lifespan and healthspan by promoting antioxidant capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2019, Article ID 5958043, 13 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu YJ, Mclntyre RL, Janssens GE et al (2020) Mitochondrial fission and fusion: a dynamic role in aging and potential target for age-related disease. Mech Ageing Dev 186:111212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Łuczaj W, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E (2017) Antioxidants and HNE in redox homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 111:87–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo J, Mills K, le Cessie S et al (2020) Ageing, age-related diseases and oxidative stress: what to do next? Ageing Res Rev 57:100982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Sokolowski AA, Waldeck-Weiermair M et al (2018) Targeting mitochondria to counteract age-related cellular dysfunction. Genes 9:165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marzetti E, Picca A, Marini F et al (2019) Inflammatory signatures in older persons with physical frailty and sarcopenia: the frailty “cytokinome” at its core. Exp Gerontol 122:129–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matschke V, Theiss C, Matschke J (2019) Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases. Neural Regen Res 14:238–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milisav I, Ribarič S, Poljsak B (2019) Antioxidant vitamins and ageing. In: Harris J, Korolchuk V (eds) Biochemistry and cell biology of ageing: part I Biomedical science, Subcellular biochemistry, vol 90. Springer, Singapore, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Misztal T, Golaszewska A, Tomasiak-Lozowska MM et al (2019) The myeloperoxidase product, hypochlorous acid, reduces thrombus formation under flow and attenuates clot retraction and fibrinolysis in human blood. Free Radic Biol Med 141:426–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moldogazieva NT, Mokhosoev IM, Mel’nikova TI et al (2019) Oxidative stress and advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products (ALEs and AGEs) in aging and age-related diseases. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2019, Article ID 3085756, 14 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Munro D, Pamenter ME (2019) Comparative studies of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in animal longevity: technical pitfalls and possibilities. Aging Cell 18:e13009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niedernhofer LJ, Gurkar AU, Wang Y et al (2018) Nuclear genomic instability and aging. Annu Rev Biochem 87:295–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogrodnik M, Salmonowicz H, Gladyshev VN (2019) Integrating cellular senescence with the concept of damage accumulation in aging: relevance for clearance of senescent cells. Aging Cell 18:e12841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opatrilova R, Kubatka P, Caprnda M et al (2018) Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of retinopathy: evidences from preclinical and clinical researches. Acta Ophthalmol 96:222–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner BS, Zhang Y, Brown BE et al (2018) Role of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other inflammatory mediators in the induction of macrophage extracellular trap formation. Free Radic Biol Med 129:25–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezayian M, Niknam V, Ebrahimzadeh H (2019) Oxidative damage and antioxidative system in algae. Toxicol Rep 6:1309–1313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridhima W, Riya G, Pawan MK (2018) Oxidative stress and accelerated aging in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorder. Curr Pharm Des 24:4711–4725

    Google Scholar 

  • Romiti GF, Corica B, Raparelli V et al (2020) The interplay between antioxidants and the immune system: a promising field, still looking for answers. Nutrients 12:1550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G (2014) Effect of antioxidants supplementation on aging and longevity. Biomed Res Int 2014, Article ID 404680, 17 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxena R, Batra J (2020) Chapter 8 Arthritis as a disease of aging and changes in antioxidant status. In: Preedy VR, Patel VB (eds) Aging: oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants, 2nd edn. Academic, London, pp 83–94

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Semerád J, Filip J, Ševců A et al (2020) Environmental fate of sulfidated nZVI particles: the interplay of nanoparticle corrosion and toxicity during aging. Environ Sci Nano 7:1794–1806

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shim S-Y, Kim H-S (2013) Oxidative stress and the antioxidant enzyme system in the developing brain. Korean J Pediatr 56:107–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sies H, Jones DP (2020) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 21:363–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simioni C, Zauli G, Martelli AM et al (2018) Oxidative stress: role of physical exercise and antioxidant nutraceuticals in adulthood and aging. Oncotarget 9:17181–17198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somasundaram V, Basudhar D, Bharadwaj G et al (2019) Molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide in cancer progression, signal transduction, and metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 30:1124–1143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stawski R, Walczak K, Perdas E et al (2019) Decreased integrity of exercise-induced plasma cell free nuclear DNA–negative association with the increased oxidants production by circulating phagocytes. Sci Rep 9, Article number: 15970

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Takahashi M (2013) Exogenous administration of coenzyme Q10 restores mitochondrial oxygen consumption in the aged mouse brain. Mech Ageing Dev 134:580–586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan BL, Norhaizan ME (2019) Carotenoids: how effective are they to prevent age-related diseases? Molecules 24:1801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew W-P-P et al (2018) Antioxidant and oxidative stress: a mutual interplay in age-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 9:1162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teulière J, Bhattacharya D, Bapteste E (2020) Ancestral germen/soma distinction in microbes: expanding the disposable soma theory of aging to all unicellular lineages. Ageing Res Rev 60:101064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Theurey P, Pizzo P (2018) The aging mitochondria. Genes 9:22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thoma A, Akter-Miah T, Reade RL et al (2020) Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) to combat the age-related loss of muscle mass and function. Biogerontology 21:475–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venditti P, Di Meo S (2020) The role of reactive oxygen species in the life cycle of the mitochondrion. Int J Mol Sci 21:2173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiteman M, Rose P, Halliwell B (2003) Inhibition of hypochlorous acid-induced oxidative reactions by nitrite: is nitrite an antioxidant? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 303:1217–1224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2014) World Health Statistics – large gains in life expectancy. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/world-health-statistics-2014/en/. Accessed on Dec 2014

  • World Health Organization (2020a) Life expectancy. https://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/situation_trends/en/. Accessed 20 Apr 2020

  • World Health Organization (2020b) Life tables. https://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/life_tables/en/. Accessed 20 Apr 2020

  • Xie X, He Z, Chen N et al (2019) The roles of environmental factors in regulation of oxidative stress in plant. Biomed Res Int 2019, Article ID 9732325, 11 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Banerjee G, Brudvig GW et al (2018) Oxidation of organic compounds in water by unactivated peroxymonosulfate. Environ Sci Technol 52:5911–5919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yegorov YE (2020) Healthy aging: antioxidants, uncouplers and/or telomerase? Mol Biol 54:311–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ (2015) Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 88(Part B):314–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Bee Ling Tan & Mohd Esa Norhaizan

Authors
  1. Bee Ling Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohd Esa Norhaizan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tan, B.L., Norhaizan, M.E. (2021). Introduction and Background. In: The Role of Antioxidants in Longevity and Age-Related Diseases . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82859-2_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation