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Myopia: Ocular and Systemic Disease

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Pathologic Myopia

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Abstract

The study of high axial myopia in the setting of antecedent, concurrent or subsequent ocular disorders, systemic diseases, hereditary syndromes, and systemic drug use may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of myopia and even set the occasion for the development of treatment. Although early recognition of mild myopic changes that commonly arise with certain ocular and systemic factors may limit the burden of vision loss with simple refractive correction, the recognition of high and pathologic axial myopia is important since there is a risk of permanent vision loss from vision-threatening sequelae. Therefore, the study of cases of high axial myopia, and specifically those cases in which there may be a causal relationship, is of particular interest. Additionally, recognition of the tendency of some syndromes to be associated with high myopia heightens the clinical suspicion for detection of severe refractive errors in patients who maybe preverbal or unable to effectively communicate. Clinical studies and basic scientific discoveries oftentimes mirror and motivate each other. In this chapter, we detail clinical observations and studies that have been proven, or may in the future prove themselves, relevant to current thoughts on emmetropization and animal models of myopia discussed more thoroughly elsewhere in this book.

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  1. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

    Daryle Jason G. Yu & Quan V. Hoang

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore

    Quan V. Hoang

  3. Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

    Quan V. Hoang

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Quan V. Hoang

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  3. LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Lawrence A. Yannuzzi

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Yu, D.J.G., Hoang, Q.V. (2021). Myopia: Ocular and Systemic Disease. In: Spaide, R.F., Ohno-Matsui, K., Yannuzzi, L.A. (eds) Pathologic Myopia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74334-5_28

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