Abstract
Poststructuralist discourse analysis (PDA) that draws on Foucauldian discourse theory enables researchers to analyse cultural aspects of health communication, as it makes it possible to identify the discourses and subject positions available to and used by those who communicate about health-related topics. This chapter presents and illustrates the methods of statement function analysis to analyse discourses, and subject position analysis to analyse the identities associated with discursive statements, using data from an online forum where HPV vaccination was debated. The findings show that constructing the basis for knowing is central in the posts, with the diverging perspectives legitimized in various ways. The chapter ends with a discussion of the usefulness of employing poststructuralist discourse analysis to map out broader cultural meanings in health communication texts when values are at the heart of the matter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahl, H. (2007). A Foucauldian framework for discourse analysis. In H. Neergaard & J. P. Ulhøi (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research methods in entrepreneurship (pp. 216–250). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Andersen, N. Å. (2003). Discursive analytical strategies: Understanding Foucault, Koselleck, Laclau, Luhmann. Bristol: The Policy Press.
Anesa, P., & Fage-Butler, A. M. (2016). Popularizing biomedical information in an online forum. Pragmatics and Society, 7(2), 196–216.
Arribas-Ayllon, M., & Walkerdine, V. (2008). Foucauldian discourse analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 91–108). London: Sage.
Barker, C. (2004). The Sage dictionary of cultural studies. London: Sage.
Barker, C., & Jane, E. A. (2016). Cultural studies: Theory and practice (5th ed.). London: Sage.
Barns, I., Dudley, J., Harris, P., & Petersen, A. (1999). Poststructuralism, citizenship and social policy. New York: Routledge.
Beavis, A., Krakow, M., Levinson, K., & Rositch, A. F. (2018). Reasons for lack of HPV vaccine initiation in NIS-teen over time: Shifting the focus from gender and sexuality to necessity and safety. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(5), 652–656.
Belsey, C. (2002). Poststructuralism: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Blume, S. (2017). Immunization: How vaccines became controversial. London: Reaktion Books.
Briones, R., Nan, X., Madden, K., & Waks, L. (2012). When vaccines go viral: An analysis of HPV vaccine coverage on YouTube. Health Communication, 27(5), 478–485.
British Psychological Society. (2017). Ethics guidelines for internet-mediated research. Retrieved from https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/www.bps.org.uk/files/Policy/Policy%20-%20Files/Ethics%20Guidelines%20for%20Internet-mediated%20Research%20(2017).pdf.
Brossard, D., & Scheufele, D. A. (2013). Science, new media, and the public. Science, 339(6115), 40–41.
Burr, V. (2003). Social constructionism. London: Routledge.
Casper, M. J., & Carpenter, L. M. (2008). Sex, drugs, and politics: The HPV vaccine for cervical cancer. Sociology of Health & Illness, 30(6), 886–899.
Dixon-Woods, M. (2001). Writing wrongs? An analysis of published discourses about the use of patient information leaflets. Social Science & Medicine, 52(9), 1417–1432.
Engels, K. S. (2016). Biopower, normalization, and HPV: A Foucauldian analysis of the HPV vaccine controversy. Journal of Medical Humanities, 37(3), 299–312.
Fage-Butler, A. (2013). Including patients’ perspectives in patient information leaflets: A polyocular approach. Fachsprache, XXXV(3–4), 140–154.
Fage-Butler, A. (2017a). Hub of medical expertise or medicalised conveyor-belt? Sharing meanings online on the hospital birth setting. Linguistik Online, 87(8), 69–85.
Fage-Butler, A. (2017b). Risk resistance: Constructing home birth as morally responsible on an online discussion group. Health, Risk & Society, 19(3–4), 130–144.
Fage-Butler, A. M. (2011a). The discursive construction of risk and trust in patient information leaflets. Hermes, 46, 61–73.
Fage-Butler, A. M. (2011b). Towards a new kind of patient information leaflet? Risk, trust and the value of patient centeredness [PhD dissertation]. Aarhus: Aarhus University.
Fage-Butler, A. M., & Anesa, P. (2016). Discursive construction and negotiation of laity on an online health forum. Pragmatics and Society, 7(2), 196–216.
Fage-Butler, A. M., & Nisbeth Jensen, M. (2016). Medical terminology in online patient–patient communication: Evidence of high health literacy? Health Expectations, 19(3), 643–653.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
Ferguson, T. (2007). E-patients: How they can help us heal health care—white paper. Retrieved from https://participatorymedicine.org/e-Patient_White_Paper_with_Afterword.pdf
Foucault, M. (1970). The order of things: An archaeology of the human sciences. London: Routledge.
Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge. New York: Pantheon.
Foucault, M. (1980a). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon.
Foucault, M. (1980b). Two lectures. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977 (pp. 78–108). New York: Pantheon.
Foucault, M. (1991[1977]). Discipline and punish. London: Penguin.
Foucault, M. (1994[1974]). Prisons et asiles dans le mécanisme du pouvoir [Prisons and asylums In the mechanism of power]. In Dits et Écrits, Vol. 1 (pp. 1589–1593). Paris: Gallimard.
Foucault, M. (1996[1984]). Concern for truth. In S. Lotringer (ed.), Foucault live: Collected interviews, 1961–1984 (pp. 455–464). South Pasadena, CA: Semiotext(e).
Foucault, M. (2000[1983]). Structuralism and post-structuralism. In J. D. Faubion (ed.), Aesthetics: Essential works of Foucault 1954–1984, Vol. 2 (pp. 434–458). London: Penguin.
Fox, N. J. (1998). Foucault, Foucauldians and sociology. The British Journal of Sociology, 49(3), 415–433.
Frederiksen, K., Lomborg, K., & Beedholm, K. (2015). Foucault’s notion of problematization: A methodological discussion of the application of Foucault’s later work to nursing research. Nursing Inquiry, 22(3), 202–209.
Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2018). Cervical cancer: An NCD we can overcome. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/DG_Call-to-Action.pdf?ua=1
Gibbs, N. (2006). Defusing the war over the “promiscuity” vaccine. Time. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1206813,00.html
Gilkey, M. B., & McRee, A.-L. (2016). Provider communication about HPV vaccination: A systematic review. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 12(6), 1454–1468.
Graham, L. J. (2005). Schooling and ‘disorderly’ objects: Doing discourse analysis using Foucault. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10874597.pdf
Gray Brunton, C., Farver, I., Jäger, M., Lenneis, A., Parve, K., Patarcic, D., Petrova, D., Hogg, R., Kennedy, C., Garcia-Retamero, R., & Todorova, I. (2014). Young women’s constructions of the HPV Vaccine: A cross-cultural, qualitative study in Scotland, Spain, Serbia and Bulgaria. Official Journal of the International Society of Behavioral Medicine, 21(1), 11–19.
Heritage, J. (1997). Conversation analysis and institutional talk: Analysing data. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (pp. 161–182). London: Sage.
Hirth, J. M., Fuchs, E. L., Chang, M., Fernandez, M. E., & Berenson, A. B. (2019). Variations in reason for intention not to vaccinate across time, region, and by race/ethnicity, NIS-Teen (2008–2016). Vaccine, 37(4), 595–601.
Hofstetter, A. M., & Rosenthal, S. L. (2014). Factors impacting HPV vaccination: Lessons for health care professionals. Expert Review of Vaccines, 13(8), 1013–1026.
Holt, D., Bouder, F., Elemuwa, C., Gaedicke, G., Khamesipour, A., Kisler, B., Kochhar, S., Kutalek, R., Maurer, W., Obermeier, P., Seeber, L., Trusko, B., Gould, S., & Rath, B. (2016). The importance of the patient voice in vaccination and vaccine safety—are we listening? Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22(Supplement 5), S146–S153.
Hui, A., & Stickley, T. (2007). Mental health policy and mental health service user perspectives on involvement: A discourse analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59(4), 416–426.
Ivancic, S. R. (2018). Body sovereignty and body liability in the wake of an “obesity epidemic”: A poststructural analysis of the soda ban. Health Communication, 33(10), 1243–1256.
Jørgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London: Sage.
Keelan, J., Pavri, V., Balakrishnan, R., & Wilson, K. (2010). An analysis of the Human Papilloma Virus vaccine debate on MySpace blogs. Vaccine, 28(6), 1535–1540.
Kelly, B. J., Leader, A. E., Mittermaier, D. J., Hornik, R. C., & Cappella, J. N. (2009). The HPV vaccine and the media: How has the topic been covered and what are the effects on knowledge about the virus and cervical cancer? Patient Education and Counseling, 77(2), 308–313.
Kelly, M. G. E. (2009). The political philosophy of Michel Foucault. Abingdon: Routledge.
Koch, A. M. (2007). Poststructuralism and the politics of method. Plymouth: Lexington.
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. London: Verso.
Lama, Y., Hu, D., Jamison, A., Quinn, S. C., & Broniatowski, D. A. (2019). Characterizing trends in human Papillomavirus Vaccine discourse on Reddit (2007–2015): An observational study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 5(1), e12480.
Laurent-Ledru, V., Thomson, A., & Monsonego, J. (2010). Civil society: A critical new advocate for vaccination in Europe. Vaccine, 29(4), 624–628.
Lazar, M. M. (2009). Entitled to consume: Postfeminist femininity and a culture of post-critique. Discourse & Communication, 3(4), 371–400.
Lupton, D. (1997). Foucault and the medicalisation critique. In R. Bunton & A. R. Petersen (Eds.), Foucault, health and medicine (pp. 118–134). Florence, KY: Routledge.
Lupton, D. (2012). Medicine as culture: Illness, disease and the body in Western societies (3rd ed.). London: Sage.
Ma, J., & Stahl, L. (2017). A multimodal critical discourse analysis of anti-vaccination information on Facebook. Library and Information Science Research, 39(4), 303–310.
MacKenzie, I. (2001). Unravelling the knots: Post-structuralism and other ‘post-isms’. Journal of Political Ideologies, 6(3), 331–345.
Madden, K., Nan, X., Briones, R., & Waks, L. (2011). Sorting through search results: A content analysis of HPV vaccine information online. Vaccine, 30(25), 3741–3746.
Mahon, M. (1993). Michel Foucault’s archaeology, enlightenment, and critique. Human Studies, 16(1/2), 129–141.
Margolis, M. A., Brewer, N. T., Shah, P. D., Calo, W. A., & Gilkey, M. B. (2019). Stories about HPV vaccine in social media, traditional media, and conversations. Preventive Medicine, 118, 251–256.
May, C. (1992). Nursing work, nurses’ knowledge, and the subjectification of the patient. Sociology of Health & Illness, 14(4), 472–487.
Miller, G. (2007). New challenges to social constructionism: Alternative perspectives to social problems theory. In J. A. Holstein & G. Miller (Eds.), Reconsidering social constructionism: Debates in social problems theory (pp. 253–280). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Napier, A. D., Ancarno, C., Butler, B., Calabrese, J., Chater, A., Chatterjee, H., Guesnet, F., Horne, R., Jacyna, S., Jadhav, S., Macdonald, A., Neuendorf, U., Parkhurst, A., Reynolds, R., Scambler, G., Shamdasani, S., Zafer Smith, S., Stougaard-Nielsen, J., Thomson, L., Tyler, N., Volkmann, A. M., Walker, T., Watson, J., de c Williams, A., Willott, C., Wilson, J., & Woolf, K. (2014). Culture and health. The Lancet, 384(9954), 1607–1639.
Napier, A. D., Depledge, M., Knipper, M., Lovell, R., Ponarin, E., Sanabria, E., & Thomas, F. (2017). Culture matters: Using a cultural contexts of health approach to enhance policy-making. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/334269/14780_World-Health-Organisation_Context-of-Health_TEXT-AW-WEB.pdf?ua=1.
Nicholls, D. A. (2009). Putting Foucault to work: An approach to the practical application of Foucault’s methodological imperatives. Apora: The Nursing Journal, 1(1), 30–40.
Nielsen, F. Å. (2011). A new ANEW: Evaluation of a word list for sentiment analysis in microblogs. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1103.2903.pdf.
Penţa, M. A., & Băban, A. (2014). Dangerous agent or saviour? HPV vaccine representations on online discussion forums in Romania. Official Journal of the International Society of Behavioral Medicine, 21(1), 20–28.
Petersen, A., & Bunton, R. (1997). Foucault: Health and medicine. Abingdon: Routledge.
Petersen, A., & Lupton, D. (1996). The new public health: Health and self in the age of risk. London: Sage.
Rajchman, J. (1986). Ethics after Foucault. Social Text, 13(14), 165–183.
Rose, N. (2007). The politics of life itself: Biomedicine, power, and subjectivity in the twenty-first century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ruiz, J. B., & Barnett, G. A. (2015). Exploring the presentation of HPV information online: A semantic network analysis of websites. Vaccine, 33(29), 3354–3359.
Sak, G., Diviani, N., Allam, A., & Schulz, P. J. (2016). Comparing the quality of pro- and anti-vaccination online information: a content analysis of vaccination-related webpages. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 38.
Sarangi, S. (2001). On demarcating the space between “lay expertise” and “expert laity”. Text, 21(1/2), 3–11.
Tangherlini, T. R., Roychowdhury, V., Glenn, B., Crespi, C. M., Bandari, R., Wadia, A., Falahi, M., Ebrahimzadeh, E., & Bastani, R. (2016). “Mommy blogs” and the vaccination exemption narrative: Results from a machine-learning approach for story aggregation on parenting social media sites. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2(2), e166.
van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, 4(2), 249–283.
Walsh, C. D., Gera, A., Shah, M., Sharma, A., Powell, J. E., & Wilson, S. (2008). Public knowledge and attitudes towards Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 368–368.
Walton, D. (2012). Doing cultural theory. London: Sage.
Wang, L., Lakin, J., Riley, C., Korach, Z., Frain, L. N., & Zhou, L. (2018). Disease trajectories and end-of-life care for dementias: Latent topic modeling and trend analysis using clinical notes. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2018: 1056–1065. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6371376/.
Ward, J. K., Crépin, L., Bauquier, C., Vergelys, C., Bocquier, A., Verger, P., & Peretti-Watel, P. (2017). ‘I don’t know if I’m making the right decision’: French mothers and HPV vaccination in a context of controversy. Health, Risk & Society, 19(1–2), 38–57.
Williams, G. (1999). French discourse analysis: The method of post-structuralism. London: Routledge.
Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology (3rd ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press.
World Cancer Research Fund. (2019). Worldwide cancer data. Retrieved from https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/cancer-trends/worldwide-cancer-data
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fage-Butler, A. (2021). Poststructuralist Discourse Analysis: Investigating Representations of Knowledge and Knowledge-Related Subjectivities in an Online Forum on HPV Vaccination. In: Brookes, G., Hunt, D. (eds) Analysing Health Communication. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68184-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68184-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-68183-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-68184-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)