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Factors Contributing to Volcano Lateral Collapse

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Volcanic Debris Avalanches

Part of the book series: Advances in Volcanology ((VOLCAN))

Abstract

Many factors can lead to volcano lateral collapse, which can produce devastating debris avalanches that travel up to several tens to over 100 km and cover hundreds to more than a thousand km2 with debris. Volcanic lateral collapses are severe hazards because of their destructive power and size, and sudden onset. Although their frequency of occurrence is not as high as those of smaller volcanic mass movements, such as rock falls and lahars, globally large collapses ≥0.1 km3 have occurred at least five times per century over the last 500 years. A large variety of destabilizing factors such as over-steepened slopes, magma intrusions, hydrothermal activity, climate fluctuations, deformation of the basement, and faulting can create the conditions for volcano collapse. Once a volcano reaches its critical point, a mechanism is necessary to trigger the failure event. We present the state-of-the-art of the knowledge acquired in the last few decades concerning the causes of large-scale volcanic failures to better understand the triggers, preparatory factors, and timing of volcano lateral collapse.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Marc-André Brideau and Lucia Capra reviewers for their important suggestions and corrections that helped to notably improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Matteo Roverato

  2. School of Earth Science, Energy and Environment, Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador

    Matteo Roverato

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy

    Federico Di Traglia

  4. School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Jonathan Procter

  5. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Science, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji

    Engielle Paguican

  6. College of Engineering and Geosciences, Caraga State University, Ampayon, Butuan City, Philippines

    Engielle Paguican

  7. Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Anja Dufresne

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Correspondence to Matteo Roverato .

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Matteo Roverato

  2. Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Anja Dufresne

  3. School of Agriculture and Environment, INR Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Jonathan Procter

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Roverato, M., Di Traglia, F., Procter, J., Paguican, E., Dufresne, A. (2021). Factors Contributing to Volcano Lateral Collapse. In: Roverato, M., Dufresne, A., Procter, J. (eds) Volcanic Debris Avalanches. Advances in Volcanology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_5

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