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Techniques of Epithelial Transport Physiology

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Basic Epithelial Ion Transport Principles and Function

Part of the book series: Physiology in Health and Disease ((PIHD))

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Abstract

Epithelial tissues play many roles in maintaining homeostasis of the human body. These tissues separate the body from the external environment (e.g., skin which protects the body), and of course, epithelial tissues separate body compartments, line the surfaces of organs, and line the inner surfaces of many hollow organs. Epithelial cells are polarized as there are specific transport proteins (ion channels and ion transporters) residing in the apical and basolateral membranes of the epithelial cells. Different epithelial cells perform specific functions in the regulation of absorption and secretion of ions, solutes, nutrients, and water. Understanding how these tissues (cells) function has been challenging and a number of techniques have been developed and/or adapted to study the functions of epithelial tissues and cells. Our ability to understand the physiology and the disease pathophysiology of epithelial tissues and cells is really reduced down to determining the fundamental characteristics and basic biology/physiology of the specific ion channels and ion transporters participating in overall epithelial transport physiology. This chapter provides a historical overview of various experimental techniques which have been instrumental and are still employed to discover intriguing aspects of epithelial ion transport physiology.

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Acknowledgements

This chapter is dedicated to the memory of Jared J. Grantham, MD (1936–2017) for his contributions to the isolated perfused tubule preparation and to his lifelong research work on polycystic kidney disease. Thanks to Chris Cheeseman for his insightful memories of his interactions with Wiseman. Many thanks to Moe Burg for his comments and his friendship over the years. A special thanks to Mark Knepper for the photo of his isolated perfused tubule rig (Fig. 1.8) and the discussions of the isolated perfused tubule technique. Many thanks to Erik Larsen who provided impeccable historical insight and details on various aspects of Sect. 1.4 on Hans Ussing and other sections of this chapter. Thanks to Dee Silverthorn for her enlightening comments and editing of an earlier version of this chapter and the information about the transporter databases provided in Sect. 1.10. Additionally, I thank Dee for her ‘kick starting’ the now two editions of this APS/Springer-Verlag (now APS/Springer-Nature) book series back in 2013. Thanks to John Hughes for generating the digital images for Figs. 1.9, 1.10, and 1.11. Thanks to the Department of Physiology and the School of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Otago for continued research support for many years.

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    Kirk L. Hamilton

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  1. Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand

    Kirk L. Hamilton

  2. Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Daniel C. Devor

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Hamilton, K.L. (2020). Techniques of Epithelial Transport Physiology. In: Hamilton, K.L., Devor, D.C. (eds) Basic Epithelial Ion Transport Principles and Function. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52780-8_1

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