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Combination of Phytochemicals with Nanotechnology for Targeting GI Cancer Therapy

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Phytochemicals Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancers

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the lethal among all cancers which includes different types of cancers of the GI system, i.e., esophagus, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, pancreas, stomach, and bowel (large intestine or colon and rectum). Therefore, several efforts are being made to find more suitable anticancer agents based on synthetic and phytochemical approaches. There is the number of phytochemicals reported with prominent anticancer activities, but they include the number of limitations such as poor bioavailability, pitiable water solubility and low penetration into cells, contracted therapeutic index, and higher hepatic disposition. Therefore, this chapter discusses and summarizes the contemporary advances that have been made for the management of GI cancers in the field of nanotechnology with a combination of phytochemicals.

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Abbreviations

Akt:

Protein kinase-B

AuNPs:

Gold nanoparticles

Bcl-2:

B-cell lymphoma-2

BiNRs:

Bismuth oxide nanorods

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

DAS:

Diallyl sulfide

EAC:

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

ERK1/2, :

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

FMNP:

Fluorescent magnetic nanoparticle

HCT :

Human colon carcinoma cells

HePG-2:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HPMC:

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

HRT:

Hormone replacement therapy

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MMP-9:

Matrix metallopeptidase-9

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRS:

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

MSCs:

Marked mesenchymal stem cells

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

NIR:

Near-infrared

P13K :

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PET:

Positron-emission tomography

PtNDs:

Platinum nanodendrites

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

QDs:

Quantum dots

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

SPECT :

Single-photon emission computed tomography

SPIONs :

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

TNF-𝛼:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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  1. Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India

    Harshvardhan Chauhan & Masood Alam

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  1. Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju

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Chauhan, H., Alam, M. (2020). Combination of Phytochemicals with Nanotechnology for Targeting GI Cancer Therapy. In: Nagaraju, G.P. (eds) Phytochemicals Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48405-7_7

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