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Sense and Sensibility of Oxygen in Pathophysiology Using EPR Oximetry

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Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems

Part of the book series: Biological Magnetic Resonance ((BIMR,volume 34))

Abstract

Physiological homeostasis in aerobic organisms is strictly maintained by optimal cellular and tissue oxygen levels through intricate oxygen-sensing mechanisms, signaling cascades, and transport processes. Molecular oxygen is at the center of oxygenation, oxidative phosphorylation, and oxidative stress. An increase (hyperoxia) or decrease (hypoxia) in cellular oxygen level may result in altered cell-signaling cascades and redox imbalance leading to pathophysiological processes including cell death and tissue damage. Hypoxia has been implicated as a critical factor influencing the outcomes for several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease), cancer, wound healing, and diabetic foot ulcer. The capability to measure tissue oxygenation in a reliable and repeated manner will be immensely useful for correct prognosis and treatment. This chapter focuses on the methods, particularly electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry for quantitative measurement of tissue oxygenation using implantable oxygen sensors. Representative examples for cardiovascular and cancer applications are presented.

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Abbreviations

AMI:

Acute myocardial infarction

ATA:

Atmospheric absolute

BOLD:

Blood oxygen level dependent

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CuZnSOD:

Copper zinc superoxide dismutase

CYP:

Cytochrome p450 reductase

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

EPR:

Electron paramagnetic resonance

EPRI:

EPR imaging

H&E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide

HBO:

Hyperbaric oxygen

HBOT:

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

HOË™:

Hydroxyl radical

I-R:

Ischemia-reperfusion

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

l-NAME:

NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester

LAD:

Left anterior-descending artery

LCA:

Left coronary artery

LiNc-BuO:

Lithium octa-n-butoxy-naphthalocyanine

LiPc:

Lithium phthalocyanine

LV:

Left ventricular

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MnSOD:

Manganese superoxide dismutase

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

NIR:

Near infrared

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

NOS3:

Nitric oxide synthase 3

O2–˙:

Superoxide anion radical

OMRI:

Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

ONOO–:

Peroxynitrite anion

OxCy:

Oxygen cycling

OxyChip:

Probe (sensor) for measuring oxygen

OxyChip-EL:

OxyChip with extended loop

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

pO2:

Partial pressure of oxygen

RIF-1:

Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma-1

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SM:

Skeletal myoblast

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SPOT Chip:

Probe (sensor) for measuring superficial perfusion oxygen tension

SPZ:

Sulfaphenazole

TcOM:

Transcutaneous oxygen measurement

TcpO2:

Transcutaneous pO2

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgments

The studies presented in this chapter were largely supported by NIH grants R01 CA078886, R01 EB005004, R01 EB006153, R01 EB004031, and P01 CA190193.

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  1. Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA

    Periannan Kuppusamy

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Correspondence to Periannan Kuppusamy .

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Centennial, CO, USA

    Lawrence J. Berliner

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA

    Narasimham L. Parinandi

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Kuppusamy, P. (2020). Sense and Sensibility of Oxygen in Pathophysiology Using EPR Oximetry. In: Berliner, L., Parinandi, N. (eds) Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 34. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47318-1_9

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