Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Carotenoids in Liver and Lung Diseases

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body

  • 908 Accesses

Abstract

The NAFLD has attained 25% global prevalence as one of the common chronic liver diseases. It is associated with some other diseases like metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and advancement to cirrhosis. Pathogenesis of this chronic liver disease is very complex as many mechanisms are involved. NAFLD is not a single injury but a combination of wounds which lead to hepatic damage, i.e., oxidative stress, increase in lipid, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, apoptosis and fibrosis. Carotenoids have protective actions which can be used in liver therapy and against lung diseases like tuberculosis, asthma and lung cancer. Some famous carotenoids useful in blocking the development of lung cancer and NAFLD are crocetin, lycopene, fucoxanthin, carotene, astaxanthin, lutein and cryptoxanthin. They act as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, lipid lowering and insulin-sensitizing agent. As there is lack of approved exercises, drug and food administration for the treatment of NAFLD, dietary carotenoids may be recommended because of their caring paraphernalia on development of NAFLD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bohn T (2008) Bioavailability of non-provitamin A carotenoids. Curr Nutr Food Sci 4:240–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ruhl R (2013) Non-pro-vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids in atopy development. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 161:99–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Britton G (1995) Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function. FASEB J 9:1551–1558

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Woodside JV, McGrath AJ, McKinley MC (2015) Carotenoids and health in older people. Maturitas 80:63–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gonzalez-Barrio R, Periago MJ, Luna-Recio C, Garcia-Alonso FJ, Navarro-Gonzalez I (2018) Chemical composition of the edible flowers, pansy (Viola wittrockiana) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) as new sources of bioactive compounds. Food Chem 252:373–380

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Maiani G, Periago Caston MJ, Catasta G, Toti E, Cambrodon IG, Bysted A, Bohm V (2009) Carotenoids: actual knowledge on food sources, intakes, stability and bioavailability and their protective role in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 53:S194–S218

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sugiura M (2013) Carotenoids: liver diseases prevention. In: Watson RR, Preedy VR (eds) Bioactive foods as dietary interventions for liver and gastrointestinal disease, 1st edn. Academic, San Diego, pp 421–436

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Coyne T, Ibiebele TI, Baade PD, McClintock CS, Shaw JE (2009) Metabolic syndrome and serum carotenoids: findings of a cross-sectional study in Queensland, Australia. Br J Nutr 102:1668–1677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sharoni Y, Linnewiel-Hermoni K, Khanin M, Salman H, Veprik A, Danilenko M, Levy J (2012) Carotenoids and apocarotenoids in cellular signaling related to cancer: a review. Mol Nutr Food Res 56:259–269

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mikolasevic I, Milic S, Turk Wensveen T, Grgic I, Jakopcic I, Stimac D, Orlic L (2016) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-a multisystem disease. World J Gastroenterol 22:9488–9505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Azzam H, Malnick S (2015) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-the heart of the matter. World J Hepatol 7:1369–1376

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Elvira-torales LI, Garcia-Alonso J, Periago-Caston MJ (2019) Nutritional importance of carotenoids and their effect on liver health: a review. Antioxidants 8:229

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Krizhanovsky V, Yon M, Dickins RA, Hearn S, Simon J, Miething C et al (2008) Senescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis. Cell 134:657–667

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Fabbrini E, Sullivin S, Klein S (2010) Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic and clinical implications. Hepatology 51:679–689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Singhal S, Baker SS, Baker RD, Zhu L (2018) Role of paraoxonase 1 as an antioxidant in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In: Patel VB, Rajendram R, Preedy VR (eds) The liver, 1st edn. Academic, London, pp 15–20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Younossi Z, Anstee QM, Marietti M, Hardy T, Henry L, Eslam M, Bugianesi E (2018) Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:11–20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Calzadilla Bertot L, Adams LA (2016) The natural course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 17:774

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mencin AA, Lavine JE (2016) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 14:151–157

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sayiner M, Koenig A, Henry L, Younossi ZM (2016) Epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States and the rest of the world. Clin Liver Dis 20:205–214

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu W, Baker SS, Baker RD, Zhu L (2015) Antioxidant mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Drug Targets 16:1301–1314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rolo AP, Teodoro JS, Palmeira CM (2012) Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Boil Med 52:59–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Grune T, Lietz G, Palou A, Ross AC, Stahl W, Tang G, Biesalski HK (2010) Beta-carotene is an important vitamin A source for humans. Nutrition 140:2268S–2285S

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sanchez-moreno C, Cano MP, De Ancos B, Plaza L, Olmedilla B, Granado F, Martin A (2006) Mediterranean vegetable soup consumption increases plasma vitamin C and decreases F2-isoprostanes, prostaglandin E2 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in healthy humans. J Nutr Biochem 17:183–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Heath E, Seren S, Sahin K, Kucuk O (2007) The role of tomato lycopene in the treatment of prostate cancer. In: Rao AV (ed) Tomatoes, lycopene and human health: preventing chronic diseases, 1st edn. Caledonian Science Press, Scotland, pp 127–140. ISBN:9780955356506

    Google Scholar 

  25. Huang YM, Dou HL, Huang FF, Xu XR, Zou ZY, Lin XM (2015) Effect of supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin on serum, macular pigmentation, and visual performance in patients with early age-related macular degeneration. Biomed Res Int 2015:564738

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Ferramosca A, Di Giacomo M, Zara V (2017) Antioxidant dietary approach in treatment of fatty liver: new insights and updates. World J Gastroenterol 23:4146–4157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Murillo AG, diMarco DM, Fernandez ML (2016) The potential of non provitamin A carotenoids for the prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biology 5:42

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Yilmaz B, Sahin K, Bilen H, Bahcecioglu IH, Bilir B, Ashraf S, Kucuk O (2015) Carotenoids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepato Surg Nutr 4:161–171

    Google Scholar 

  29. Christensen K, Lawler T, Mares J (2019) Dietary carotenoids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults, NHANES 2003–2014. Nutrients 11:1101

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Jiang W, Guo MH, Hai X (2016) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of lycopene on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rat. World J Gastroenterol 22:10180–10188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Matsuura B, Miyake T, Yamamoto S, Furukawa S, Hiasa Y (2016) Usefulness of beta-cryptoxanthin for nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. J Food Nutr Disord 5:3

    Google Scholar 

  32. Elvira-Torales LI, Martin-Pozuelo G, Gonzalez-Barrio R, Navarro-Gonzalez I, Pallares FJ, Santaella M, Periago-Caston MJ (2019) Ameliorative effect of spinach on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced in rats by a high-fat diet. Int J Mole Sci 20:1662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kitade H, Chen G, Ni Y, Ota T (2017) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: new insights and potential new treatments. Nutrients 9:387

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Clugston RD (2020) Carotenoids and fatty liver disease: current knowledge and research gaps. BBA-Mol Cell Biol Lipids. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158597

  35. Milani A, Basirnejad M, Shahbazi S, Bolhassani A (2017) Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. Br J Pharm 174:1290–1324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Johnson EJ (2002) The role of carotenoids in human health. Nutr Clin Care 5:56–65

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Shete V, Quadro L (2013) Mammalian metabolism of α-carotene: gaps in knowledge. Nutrients 5:4849–4868

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Rao AV, Rao LG (2007) Carotenoids and human health. Pharm Res 55:207–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Stahl W, Sies H (2003) Antioxidant activity of carotenoids. Mol Asp Med 24:345–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Stahl W, Sies H (2005) Bioactivity and protective effects of natural carotenoids. Biochem Biophys Acta 1740:101–107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Siani RK, Nile SH, Park SW (2015) Carotenoids from fruits and vegitables: chemistry, analysis, occurrence, bioavailability and biological activities. Food Res Int 76:735–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Chen H, Tappel A (1996) A protection by multiple antioxidants against lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate. Lipids 31:47–50

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bohn T (2008) Bioavailability of non-provitamin A carotenoids. Curr Nutr Food Sci 4:240–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Eggersdorfer M, Wyss A (2018) Carotenoids in human nutrition and health. Arch Biochem Biophys 652:18–26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Rodriguez-Amaya DB, Kimura M, Godoy HT, Amaya-Farfan J (2008) Updated Brazilian database on food carotenoids: factors affecting carotenoids composition. J Food Compos Anal 21:445–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Latif U, Ahmad R (2018) Role of dietary carotenoids in different etiologies of chronic liver diseases. In: Valero Diaz A, Garcia-Gimeno RM (eds) Descriptive food science, 1st edn. Intech open, London, pp 93–112

    Google Scholar 

  47. Patel V, Sail S (2006) Α-carotene protects the physiological antioxidants against aflatoxin-B1 induced carcinogenesis in albino rats. Pak J Biol Sci 9:1104–1111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kheir Eldin AA, Motawi TM, Sadik NA (2008) Effect of some natural antioxidants on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic toxicity. EXCLI J 7:119–131

    Google Scholar 

  49. Harari A, Harats D, Marko D, Cohen H, Barshack I, Kamari Y, Shaish A (2008) A9-cis beta-carotene-enriched diet inhibits atherogenesis and fatty liver formation in LDL receptor knockout mice. J Nutr 138:1923–1930

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Ozturk F, Gul M, Ates B, Ozturk IC, Cetin A, Vardi N, Yilmaz I (2009) Protective effect of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) on hepatic steatosis and damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in Wister rats. Br J Nutr 102:1767–1775

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Liu Q, Bengmark S, Qu S (2010) Nutrigenomics therapy of hepatitis C virus induced virus induced-hepatosteatosis. BMC Gastroenterol 10:49

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Yadav D, Hertan HI, Schweitzer P, Norkus EP, Pitchumoni CS (2002) Serum and liver micronutrient antioxidants and serum oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 97:2634–2639

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Younossi Z, Anstee QM, Marietti M, Hardy T, Henry L, Eslam M, Bugianesi E (2018) Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:11–20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Shiota G, Tsuchiya H (2006) Pathophysiology of NASH: insulin resistance, free fatty acids and oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 38:127–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gyamfi D, Patel V (2017) Liver metabolism: biochemical and molecular regulations. In: Preedy VR, Lakshman R, Srirajaskanthan R, Watson RR (eds) Nutrition, diet therapy, and the liver, 1st edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 3–15

    Google Scholar 

  56. Cabre Galada E, Pena Quintana L, Virgili Casas N (2017) Nutricion en las enfermedades hepatobiliares. In: Gil A (ed) Tratado de Nutricion: Nutricion y Enfermendad, 3rd edn. Editorial Medica Panamericana, Madrid, pp 865–906

    Google Scholar 

  57. Fabbrini E, Sullivan S, Klein S (2010) Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications. Hepatology 51:679–689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Singhal S, Baker SS, Baker RD, Zhu L (2018) Role of paraoxonase 1 as an antioxidant in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In: Patel VB, Rajendram R, Preedy VR (eds) The liver, 1st edn. Academic, London, pp 15–20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  59. Calzadilla Bertot L, Adams LA (2016) The natural course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 17:774

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mencin AA, Lavine JE (2011) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 14:151–157

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Sayiner m, Koenig A, Henry L, Younossi ZM (2016) Epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States and the rest of the world. Clin Liver Dis 20:205–214

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Liu W, Baker SS, Baker RD, Zhu L (2015) Antioxidant mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Drug Targets 16:1301–1314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Rolo AP, Teodoro JS, Palmerira CM (2012) Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 52:59–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Rao AV, Agarwal S (2000) Role of antioxidant lycopene in cancer and heart disease. J Am Coll Nutr 19:563–569

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Matsuura B, Miyake T, Yamamoto S, Furukawa S, Hiasa Y (2016) Usefulness of beta-cryptoxanthin for nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. J Food Nutr Disord 5:3

    Google Scholar 

  66. Grune T, Lietz G, Palou A, Ross AC, Stahl W, Tang G et al (2010) Β-carotene is an important vitamin A source for humans-3. J Nutr 140:2268S–2285S

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Mares-Perlman JA, Millen AE, Ficek TL, Hankinson SE (2002) The body of evidence to support a protective role for lutein and zeaxanthin in delaying chronic disease. Overview. J Nutr 132:518S–524S

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Martin kR, Failla ML, Smith JC Jr (1996) Β-carotene and lutein protect hepg2 human liver cells against oxidant-induced damage. J Nutr 126:2098–2106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Ota T, Takamura T, Kurita S, Matsuzawa N, Kita Y, Uno M, Nakanuma Y (2007) Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 132:282–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Tilg H, Moschen AR (2010) Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis. Hepatology 52:1836–1846

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Cusi K (2012) Role of obesity and lipotoxicity in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Gastroenterology 142:711–725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Karadeniz G, Acikgoz S, Tekin IQ, Tascylar O, Gun BD, Comert M (2008) Oxidized low-density-lipoprotein accumulation is associated with liver fibrosis in experimental cholestasis. Clinics 63:531–540

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Fon Tacer K, Rozman D (2011) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: focus on lipoprotein and lipid deregulation. J Lipids 2011:783976

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Werman MJ, Ben-Amotz A, Mokady S (1999) Availability and antiperoxidative effects of beta-carotene from Dunaliella bardawil in alcohol-drinking rats. J Nutr Biochem 10:449–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Lee Y, Hu S, Park Y, Lee JI (2019) Health benefits of carotenoids: a role of carotenoids in the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Prev Nutr Food Sci 24:103–113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Whittaker P, Wamer WG, Chanderbhan RF, Dunkel VC (1996) Effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on hepatic lipid peroxidation and blood lipids in rats with dietary iron overload. Nutr Cancer 25:119–128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Senoo H, Yoshikawa K, Morii m, Miura M, Imai K, Mezaki Y (2010) Hepatic stellate cell (vitamin A-storing cell) and its relative-past, present and future. Cell Biol Int 34:1247–1272

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Xiao ML, Chen GD, Zeng FF, Qiu R, Shi WQ, Lin JS, Chen YM (2019) Higher serum carotenoids associated with improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: a prospective study. Eur J Nutr 58:721–730

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Abidov M, Ramazanov Z, Seifulla R, Grachev S (2010) The effects of Xanthigen ™ in the weight management of obese promenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fat. Diabetes Obes Metab 12:72–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Wang L, Ding C, Zeng F, Zhu H (2019) How levels of serum α-carotene and α-carotene/retinol ratio are associated with histological severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Ann Nutr Metab 74:156–164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Burri BJ (2002) Lycopene and human health. In: Meskin MS, Bidlack WR, Davies AJ, Omaye ST (eds) Phytochemicals in nutrition and health, 1st edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 157–172

    Google Scholar 

  82. Sarni RO, Suano de Souza FI, Ramalho RA, Schoeps Dde O, Kochi C, Catherino P, Colugnati FB (2005) Serum retinol and total carotene concentrations in obese pro-school children. Med Sci Monit 11:CR510–CR514

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Seif El-Din SH, El-Lakkany NM, El-Naggar AA, Hammam OA (2015) Effects of rosuvastatin and/or α-carotene on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. Res Pharm Sci 10:275–287

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Baybutt RC, Molteni A (1999) Dietary beta-carotene protects lung and liver parenchyma of rats treated with monocrotaline. Toxicology 137:69–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Tainaka T, Shimada Y, Kuroyanagi J, Zang L, Oka T, Nishmura Y, Tanaka T (2011) Transcriptome analysis of anti-fatty liver action by Campari tomato using a zebrafish diet-induced obesity model. Nutr Metab 8:88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Xiao J, Liong EC, Ching YP, Chang RCC, Fung ML, Xu AM, Tipoe GL (2013) Lyceum barbarum polysaccharides protect rat liver from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced injury. Nutr Diabetes 3:ne81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Villaca Chaves G, Pereira SE, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A (2008) A non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with the nutritional status of vitamin A in individuals with class III obesity. Obes Surg 18:378–385

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Gradelet S, Le Bon AM, Berges R, Suschetet M, Astorg P (1998) Dietary carotenoids inhibit aflatoxin B1-induced liver preneoplastic foci and DNA damage in rat: role of the modulation of aflatoxin B1 metabolism. Carcinogenesis 19:403–411

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Yilmaz S, Kaya E, Kisacam MA (2017) The effect on oxidative stress of Aflatoxin and protective effect of lycopene on aflatoxin damage. In: Aflatoxin-control, analysis, detection and health risks. Croatia InTech, Rijeka, pp 67–90

    Google Scholar 

  90. Xu F, Yu K, Yu H, Wang P, Song M, Xiu C et al (2017) Lycopene relieves AFB 1-induced liver injury through enhancing hepatic antioxidation and detoxification potential with Nrf2 activation. J Funct Foods 39:215–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Grievink L, Smit HA, Ocke MC, Vant Veer P, Kromhout D (1998) Dietary intake of antioxidant (pro)-vitamins, respiratory systems and pulmonary function: the MORGEN study. Thorax 53:166–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Guenegou A, Leynaert B, Pin I, Le Moel G, Zureik M, Neukirch F (2006) Serum carotenoids, vitamin A and E, and 8 year lung function decline in a general population. Thorax 61:320–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Tainaka T, Shimada Y, Kuroyangi J, Zang L, Oka T, Nishimura Y et al (2011) Transcriptome analysis of anti-fatty liver action by Campari tomato using a zebrafish diet-induced obesity model. Nutr Metab 8:88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Grievink L, Smit HA, Veer P, Brunekreef B, Kromhout D (1999) Plasma concentrations of the antioxidants beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in relation to lung function. Eur J Clin Nutr 53:813–817

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Sharma g, Goodwin J (2006) Effect of aging on respiratory system physiology and immunology. Clin Interv Aging 1:253–260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Simpson CF, Punjabi NM, Wolfenden L et al (2005) Relationship between lung function and physical performance in disabled older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 60:350–354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Sin DD, Wu LL, Man SFP (2005) The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based study and a systematic review of the literature. Chest 127:1952–1959

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Cao Y, Wang C, Liu J, Liu ZM, Ling WH, Chen YM (2015) Greater serum carotenoid levels associated with lower prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in chinese adults. Sci Rep 5:12951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  99. Crowle AJ, Ross EJ (1989) Inhibition by retinoic acid of multiplication of virulent tubercle bacilli in cultured human macrophages. Infect Immun 57:840–844

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  100. Wheelwright M, Kim EW, Inkeles MS et al (2014) All-trans retinoic acid-triggered antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on NPC2. J Immunol 192:2280–2290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Chaves GV, Pereira SE, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A (2008) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with the nutritional status of vitamin A in individuals with class III obesity. Obes Surg 18:378–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Chattopadhyay MB, Kanna PS, Ray RS, Roy S, Chatterjee M (2004) Combined supplementation of vanadium and beta-carotene suppresses placental glutathione S-transferase-positive foci and enhances antioxidant functions during the inhibition of diethlnitrosamine induced rat liver carcinogenesis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19:683–693

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Okuno M, Takano Y, Kojima S, Friedman SL, Moriwaki H (2003) Molecular mechanism for growth suppression of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by acyclic retinod. Carcinogenesis 24:1353–1359

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Cegielski JP, McMurray DN (2004) The relationship between malnutrition and tuberculosis: evidence from studies in humans and experimented animals. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:378–298

    Google Scholar 

  105. Lan QY, Zhang YJ, Liao GC, Zhou RF, Zhou ZG, Chen YM (2016) The association between dietary vitamin A and carotenes and the risk of primary liver cancer: a case-control study. Nutrients 8:624

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Gerster H (1997) The potential role of lycopene for human health. J Am Coll Nutr 16:109–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Kim CH (2011) Retinalic acid, immunity and inflammation. Vitam Horm 86:83–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Kavanaugh CJ, Trumbo PR, Ellwood KC (2007) The US food and drug administration’s evidence-based review for qualified health claims: tomatoes, lycopene, and cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 99:1074–1085

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Rahman I, Biswas SK, Kode A (2006) Oxidant and antioxidant balance in the airways and airway diseases. Eur J Pharm 533:222–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Islamian JP, Mehrali H (2015) Lycopene as a carotenoid provides radioprotectant and antioxidant effects by quenching radiation-induced free radical singlet oxygen: an overview. Cell J (Yakhteh) 16:386–391

    Google Scholar 

  111. Muller L, Caris-Veyrat C, Lowe G, Bohm V (2016) Lycopene and its antioxidant role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases-acritical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 56:1868–1879

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Bates MN, Khalakdina A, Pai M et al (2007) Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 167:335–342

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Villaca Chaves G, Pereira SE, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A (2008) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with the nutritional status of vitamin A in individuals with class III obesity. Obes Surg 18:378–385

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Pina-Zentella RM, Rosado JL, Gallegos-Corona MA, Madrigal-Perez LA, Garcia OP, Ramos-Gomez M (2016) Lycopene improves diet-mediated recuperation in rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Med Food 19:607–614

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Van Helden YGJ, Keijer J, Heil SG, Pico C, Palou A, Oliver P, Munnia A, Briede JJ, Peluso M, Franssen-Van Hall NL, Van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RW (2009) Beta-carotene affects oxidative stress related DNA damage in lung epithelial cells and in ferret lung. Carcinogenesis 30:2070–2076

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Brown MJ, Ferruzi MG, Nguyen ML, Cooper DA, Eldridge AL, Schwartz SJ, White WS (2004) Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection. Am J Clin Nutr 80:396–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Tabak C, Smit HA, Heederik D, Ocke MC, Kromhout D (2001) Diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: independent beneficial effects of fruits, whole grains and alcohol (the MORGEN study). Clin Exp Allergy 31:747–755

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Ford ES, Mannino DM, Redd SC (2004) Serum antioxidant concentrations among U.S. adults with self-reported asthma. J Asthma 41:179–187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Wood LG, Gibson PG, Garg ML (2003) Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, airway inflammation and asthma. Eur Resp J 21:177–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Varreso R, Fung TT, Barr RG, Hu FB, Willett W, Camargo CA Jr (2007) Prospective study of dietary patterns and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US women. Am J Clin Nutr 86:488–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Soh AZ, Chee CB, Wang YT et al (2016) Dietary cholesterol increases the risk whereas PUFAs reduce the risk of active tuberculosis in Singapore Chinese. J Nutr 146:1093–1100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  122. Chandra RK, Kumari S (1994) Nutrition and immunity: an overview. J Nutr 124:1433s–1435s

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Katona P, Katona-Apte J (2008) The interaction between nutrition and infection. Clin Infect Dis 46:1582–1588

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Cegielski JP, McMurray DN (2004) The relationship between malnutrition and tuberculosis: evidence from studies in human and experimental animals. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:286–298

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Cegielski JP, McMurray DN (2004) The relationship between malnutrition and tuberculosis: evidence from studies in humans and experimental animals. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:286–298

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Lonnroth K, Williams BG, Cegieiski P et al (2010) A consistent log-linear relationship between tuberculosis incidence and body mass index. Int J Epidemiol 39:149–155

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Robin K, Butler LM, Wang R et al (2013) Genetic and environmental predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among middle-aged and elderly Chinese in Singapore. Br J Nutr 109:493–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Paolini M, Antelli A, Pozzetti L, Spetlova D, Perocco P, Valgimigli L, Pedulli GF, Cantelli GF (2001) Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes and over-generation of oxygen radicals in beta-carotene supplemented rats. Carcinogenesis 22:1483–1495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Lee S, Son B, Jeon J, Park G, Kim H et al (2018) Decreased hepatic lactotransferrin induces hepatic steatosis in chronic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model. Cell Physiol Biochem 47:2233–2249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Bhuvaneswari S, Arunkumar E, Viswanathan P, Anuradha CV (2010) Astaxanthin restricts weight gain, promotes insulin sensitivity and curtails fatty liver disease in mice fed a obesity-promoting diet. Process Biochem 45:1406–1414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Kim B, Farruggia C, Ku CS, Pham TX, Yang Y, Bae M et al (2017) Astaxanthin inhibits inflammation and fibrosis in the liver and adipose tissue of mouse models of diet-induced obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Nutr Biochem 43:27–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Al-Amin MM, Akhter S, Hasan AT, Alam T, Nageeb HSM, Saifullah ARM et al (2015) The antioxidant effect of astaxanthin is higher in young mice than aged: a region specific study on brain. Metab Brain Dis 30:1237–1246

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Ni Y, Nagashimada M, Zhuge F, Zhan L, Nagata N, Tsutsui A et al (2015) Astaxanthin prevents and reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in mice: a comparison with vitamin E. Sci Rep 5:17192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  134. Kim B, Farruggia C, Ku CS, Pham TX, Yang Y, Bae M et al (2017) Astaxanthin inhibits inflammation and fibrosis in the liver and adipose tissue of mouse models of diet-induced obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Nutr Biochem 43:27–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Yang Y, Kim B, Park YK, Koo SI, Lee JY (2015) Astaxanthin prevents TGFβ1-induced pro-fibrogenic gene expression by inhibiting Smad3 activation in hepatic stellate cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1850:178–185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Fenni S, Hammou H, Astier J, Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Counturier C et al (2017) Lycopene and tomato powder supplementation similarly inhibit high fat diet induced obesity, inflammatory response, and associated metabolic disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 61:160–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Jiang W, Guo MH, Hai X (2016) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of lycopene on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rat. World J Gastroenterol 22:10180–10188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  138. Yucel Y, Oguz E, Kocarslan S, Tatli F, Gozeneli O, Seker A et al (2017) The effects of lycopene on methotrexate-induced liver injury in rats. Britisl Lek Listy 118:212–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Assar EA, Chopra M, Hafizi S (2015) Lycopene suppresses the NFκB signaling pathway through inhibition of IκB kinase in human prostate cancer cells. In: Proceedings of the 106th annual meeting of the American Association for cancer research. Apr 18–22. Philadelphia, PA, USA. Abstract LB-101

    Google Scholar 

  140. Mercader J, Ribot J, Murano I, Felip F, Cinti S, Bonet ML et al (2006) Remodeling of white adipose tissue after retinoic acid administration in mice. Endocrinology 147:5325–5332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Liu C, Bronson RT, Russell RM, Wang XD (2011) β-cryptoxanthin supplementation prevents cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation, oxidative damage, and squamous metaplasia in ferrets. Cancer Prev Res 4:1255–1266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Lorenzo Y, Azqueta A, Luna L, Bonilla F, Dominguez G, Collins AR (2009) The carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin stimulates the repair of DNA oxidation damage in addition to acting as an antioxidant in human cells. Carcinogenesis 30:308–314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Katsuura S, Imamura T, Bando N, Yamanishi R (2009) β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin but not lutein evoke redox and immune changes in RAW264 murine macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 53:1396–1405

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Kobori M, Ni Y, Takahashi Y, Watanabe N, Sugiura M, Ogawa K et al (2014) β-cryptoxanthin alleviates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing inflammatory gene expression in mice. PLoS One 9:e98294

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Park HJ, Lee MK, Park YB, Shin YC, Choi MS (2011) Beneficial effects of Undaria pinnatifida ethanol extract on diet-induced-insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice. Food Chem Toxicol 49:727–733

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Funayama K, Miyashita K (2005) Fucoxanthin from edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, shows antiobesity effect through UCPI expression in white adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332:392–397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Tseng TH, Chu CY, Huang JM, Shiow SJ, Wang CJ (1995) Crocetin protects against oxidative damage in rat primary hepatocytes. Cancer Lett 97:61–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Chen P, Chen y, Wang Y, Cai S, Deng L, Liu J et al (2016) Comparative evaluation of hepatoprotective activities of geniposide, crocins and crocetin by CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. Biomol Ther 24:156–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Xi L, Qian Z, Shen X, Wen N, Zhang Y (2005) Crocetin prevents dexamethasone induced insulin resistance in rats. Planta Med 71:917–922

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Pang R, Tao JY, Zhang SL, Zhao L, Yue X, Wang YG (2010) In vitro antiviral activity of lutein against hepatitis B virus. Phytother Res 24:1627–1630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Sindhu ER, Firdous AP, Preethi KC, Kuttan R (2013) Carotenoid lutein protects rats from paracetamol, carbon tetrachloride and ethanol induced hepatic damage. J Pharm Pharmacol 62:1054–1060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Qiu X, Gao DH, Xiang X, Xiong YF, Zhu TS, Liu LG, Hao LP (2015) Ameliorative effects of lutein on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. World J Gastroenterol 21:8061–8072

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (FVAS), MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

    Naheed Bano

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Imran Imran

Authors
  1. Naheed Bano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Imran Imran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq

  2. Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Saikat Dewanjee

  3. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper, Pakistan

    Muhammad Riaz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bano, N., Imran, I. (2021). Carotenoids in Liver and Lung Diseases. In: Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Dewanjee, S., Riaz, M. (eds) Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46459-2_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation