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Cultures of Medicinal Plants In Vitro as a Potential Rich Source of Antioxidants

  • Living reference work entry
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Plant Antioxidants and Health

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

The search for a new natural source of antioxidants has been, for more than a decade, one of the most dynamically developing directions of scientific research conducted by various research centers around the world.

Numerous species of medicinal plants that are a rich source of natural antioxidants have not been fully explored yet. Cultures of such plant species in vitro can also be a potential rich source of antioxidants.

The largest group of plant-based antioxidants is compounds with the structure of polyphenols. They are metabolites frequently found in numerous medicinal plants.

The aim of this chapter is to present the most interesting results of our biotechnological research that have proven the very high biosynthetic potential of cells of medicinal plants grown in vitro, obtained in the production of selected subgroups of polyphenols – phenolic acids, flavonoids specific to the genus Scutellaria, phenylpropanoid glycosides, catechins, and the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (Schisandra-type lignans).

As part of the presented research, the conditions for cultivating cultures in vitro were optimized (testing of basal media, quality and quantity of PGRs, feeding with biosynthetic precursors, elicitation, light conditions, and different types of in vitro cultures). The optimization was conducted for in vitro cultures of Aronia spp., Cistus × incanus, Hypericum perforatum (cvs. Elixir, Helos, and Topas), Scutellaria spp., Verbena officinalis, and Schisandra spp. The results of this optimization work are of an application value. Selected types of in vitro cultures of the plant species tested by us are a very rich source of various subgroups of polyphenols, including depsides, selected Scutellaria specific flavonoids (incl. baicalin and wogonoside), selected phenylpropanoid glycosides (incl. verbascoside and isoverbascoside), selected catechins (incl. catechin and epicatechin gallate), and selected Schisandra-type lignans (incl. gomisin A and schisantherin B). The obtained amounts of these compounds are very often, from a few to a several times, higher than in the extracts of plant material from plants growing in vivo (in open air) analyzed for comparison. Extracts from the biomass grown in vitro of some plant species analyzed for antioxidant potential have high antioxidant activity as determined by various methods (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, QUENCHER-CUPRAC, Fe2+ chelating activity, and reducing power assay).

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Abbreviations

ASE:

Ascorbic acid equivalent

BA:

6-Benzyladenine

CUPRAC:

Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity

DPPH:

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine radical scavenging assay

DW:

Dry weight

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power

GA3:

Gibberellic acid

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

IBA:

3-indolebutyric acid

IC50:

50% Inhibitory concentration

LS:

Linsmaier and Skoog basal medium

MS:

Murashige and Skoog basal medium

NAA:

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid

PGRs:

Plant growth regulators

QUENCHER-CUPRAC:

Quick, easy, new, cheap, and reproducible cupric reducing antioxidant capacity

TCM:

Traditional Chinese Medicine

TE:

Trolox equivalent

TIS:

Temporary immersion systems

YeE:

Yeast extract

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Acknowledgments

Funding: This study was supported by the financial support of the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education Programs: K/DSC/003506, N42/DBS/000010, N42/DBS/000011, N42/DBS/000136 and N42/DBS/00121 and National Science Centre, Poland (grant numbers: 2016/23/D/NZ7/01316 and 2020/37/N/N27/02436).

Author contribution statement: All the authors read and approved the manuscript in its final form. All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland

    Halina Ekiert, Paweł Kubica, Inga Kwiecień, Karolina Jafernik, Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz & Agnieszka Szopa

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  1. Halina Ekiert
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  2. Paweł Kubica
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Correspondence to Halina Ekiert or Agnieszka Szopa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Halina Maria Ekiert

  2. Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  3. Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

    Jaya Arora

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  1. Department of Botany, University College of Science, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

    K. G. Ramawat

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Ekiert, H., Kubica, P., Kwiecień, I., Jafernik, K., Klimek-Szczykutowicz, M., Szopa, A. (2021). Cultures of Medicinal Plants In Vitro as a Potential Rich Source of Antioxidants. In: Ekiert, H.M., Ramawat, K.G., Arora, J. (eds) Plant Antioxidants and Health. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45299-5_37-1

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