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Applications of Antioxidants: A Review

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Plant Antioxidants and Health

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

  • 158 Accesses

Abstract

Antioxidants are substances that fight free radicals produced in the body due to several intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors such as pollution, smoking, UV radiation, etc. They play a preventive as well as scavenging role in removing the excess free radicals thereby preventing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is capable of disturbing the normal body physiology and may cause lethal diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, etc. The antioxidants have an important role to play with the rapid increase in the external forces causing uncontrolled generation of free radicals. The human body produces its own antioxidants, called endogenous antioxidants. However, some antioxidants are obtained from external sources; these exogenous antioxidants fulfill the dietary requirements of the body. In the present chapter, natural as well as synthetic antioxidants have been discussed with special emphasis on plant-derived antioxidants and their potential applications in the treatment and management of life-threatening diseases. Plants being an all-natural hub for antioxidants have been discussed for their safer use, variety, and dosage. In addition to this, the role of antioxidants in the food, packaging, and cosmetics industry has also been highlighted. This chapter sums up the potential applications as well as working of antioxidants while underscoring its future prospects for further study.

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Abbreviations

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

AOX:

Antioxidant

UV:

Ultraviolet

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

RSS:

Reactive sulfur species

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

PET:

Photosynthetic electron transport

BHA:

Butylated hydroxyanisole

BHT:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

ALA:

Alpha-lipoic acid

CoQ10:

Coenzyme Q10

RBC:

Red blood cell

CNS:

Central nervous system

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

AGEs:

Advanced glycation end products

TP:

Tea polyphenols

EFA:

Essential fatty acids

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

AA:

Arachidonic acid

CF:

Cystic fibrosis

CAD:

Cardiovascular disease

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

NO:

Nitric oxide

NAC:

N-acetylcysteine

SARS-CoV-2:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

GSH:

Glutathione

ACE-2:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

AP-1:

Activator protein 1

NF-κβ:

Nuclear transcription factor kappa B

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor α

PCOS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

PLA:

Polylactic acid

LPDE:

Polyethylene

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

      Neeti Mehla & Aditi Kothari Chhajer

    2. Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

      Kanishka Kumar, Shefali Dahiya & Vanshika Mohindroo

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    1. Neeti Mehla
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    3. Kanishka Kumar
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    5. Vanshika Mohindroo
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    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, KrakĂłw, Poland

      Halina Maria Ekiert

    2. Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

      Kishan Gopal Ramawat

    3. Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

      Jaya Arora

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    1. Department of Botany, University College of Science, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

      K. G. Ramawat

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    Mehla, N., Kothari Chhajer, A., Kumar, K., Dahiya, S., Mohindroo, V. (2021). Applications of Antioxidants: A Review. In: Ekiert, H.M., Ramawat, K.G., Arora, J. (eds) Plant Antioxidants and Health. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45299-5_28-1

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45299-5_28-1

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