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Evolving Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs

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The Chemical Biology of Long Noncoding RNAs

Part of the book series: RNA Technologies ((RNATECHN,volume 11))

Abstract

The advancement of genomic research has allowed the large-scale discovery of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). lncRNAs are defined as large and diverse class RNA transcripts longer than 200 bp with no protein-coding capacity. lncRNAs can be categorized based on their cellular location, structures, and mechanisms of function. lncRNAs are involved in many important biological processes such as gene transcription, epigenetic regulation and development. Although lncRNAs are not as well-conserved as protein-coding genes in sequence, it was reported that their structures are more conserved and are important for their functions. lncRNAs are highly cell type-specific and their expressions are dysregulated during disease pathogenesis. Characterization of lncRNAs may provide better solutions for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapies. In this book chapter, we summarize the classification, localization, and structural studies of lncRNA. We will also review various mechanisms and physiological functions of lncRNAs, and biomarker potential of lncRNAs in neurological disorders. Finally, we will discuss the recent advancements in antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) chemistry for targeted delivery and other methods in targeting lncRNAs for potential disease treatment.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health R01 NS088353; 1R21EY028647-01, 1R21AR071583-01; The Staman Ogilvie Fund-Memorial Hermann Foundation; and Mission Connect, a program of the TIRR Foundation.

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  1. Authors K. Lakshmi Narayanan and Xizi Wu contributed equally to this chapter and are listed as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    K. Lakshmi Narayanan, Xizi Wu, Haichao Wei & Jia Qian Wu

  2. Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Institution of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    K. Lakshmi Narayanan, Xizi Wu, Haichao Wei & Jia Qian Wu

  3. MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA

    Jia Qian Wu

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  1. Nanobiomedical Center of the Adam Mickiewicz University,, Poznań, Poland

    Stefan Jurga

  2. Nanobiomedical Center of the Adam Mickiewicz University,, Poznań, Poland

    Jan Barciszewski

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Lakshmi Narayanan, K., Wu, X., Wei, H., Wu, J.Q. (2020). Evolving Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs. In: Jurga, S., Barciszewski, J. (eds) The Chemical Biology of Long Noncoding RNAs. RNA Technologies, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44743-4_2

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