Abstract
The effect of epoxy dilution with acetone on the mechanical performance of epoxy-coated alkali-resistant glass (ARG) fabric embedded in a lime-based mortar is studied experimentally. The mechanical behaviour of the composite system is assessed in uni-axial tensile tests, according to the ICC guidelines. Epoxy is diluted in acetone and several concentrations, namely 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90%, are considered in an attempt to define a decay law for strength, ductility and dissipated energy at failure. Although epoxy-coating promotes a striking improvement of the mechanical performance with respect to the uncoated specimens, epoxy dilution appears to little affect the global response, even at very low epoxy-to-solvent ratios. Actually, a notable increase in the ultimate strength and strain as well as dissipation capacity are evidenced for 75% dilution. Indeed, epoxy resin is able to uniformly impregnate the bundles of the yarns in a very thin layer, still preserving its contribution to the mechanical performance. In fact, wettability of the yarns plays a fundamental role in the mechanical performance of the laminate for it limitates telescopic failure. A threshold of viscosity is identified. Above this limit, the high quality of impregnation overcomes the issue of the reduction of the amount of epoxy resin in the coating. Besides, dilution strongly promotes the ease of application, as a result of the resin viscosity being sharply reduced. Most remarkably and contrarily to common expectation, the specific energy dissipated at failure exhibits a maximum point, whence an optimal dilution ratio exists which best balances interphase strength and ductility.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Salloum, Y.A., Elsanadedy, H.M., Alsayed, S.H., Iqbal, R.A.: Experimental and numerical study for the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using textile-reinforced mortar. J. Compos. Constr. 16(1), 74–90 (2011)
Bournas, D.A., Lontou, P.V., Papanicolaou, C.G., Triantafillou, T.C.: Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) versus FRP confinement in reinforced concrete columns. ACI Struct. J. 104(6), 740–748 (2007)
Donnini, J., Corinaldesi, V., Nanni, A.: Mechanical properties of FRCM using carbon fabrics with different coating treatments. Compos. B Eng. 88, 220–228 (2016)
Hartig, J., Jesse, F., Schicktanz, K., Häußler-Combe, U.: Influence of experimental setups on the apparent uniaxial tensile load-bearing capacity of textile reinforced concrete specimens. Mater. Struct. 45(3), 433–446 (2012)
Homoro, O., Michel, M., Baranger, T.N.: Effect of pre-impregnation and embedded length. Compos. Sci. Technol. 170, 174–182 (2018)
ICC-Evaluation Service: Acceptance criteria for masonry and concrete strengthening using Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composite systems (AC434). Whittier, CA (2013)
William, G., Kaye, C., Laby, T.H., et al.: Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants and Some Mathematical Functions. Longmans, London (1966)
Messori, M., Nobili, A., Signorini, C., Sola, A.: Mechanical performance of epoxy coated AR-glass fabric textile reinforced mortar: influence of coating thickness and formulation. Compos. Part B-Eng. 149, 135–143 (2018)
Messori, M., Nobili, A., Signorini, C., Sola, A.: Effect of high temperature exposure on epoxy-coated Glass Textile Reinforced Mortar (GTRM) composites. Constr. Build. Mater. 212, 765–774 (2019)
Nadiv, R., Peled, A., Mechtcherine, V., Hempel, S., Schroefl, C.: Micro-and nanoparticle mineral coating for enhanced properties of carbon multifilament yarn cement-based composites. Compos. Part B-Eng. 111, 179–189 (2017)
Nobili, A.: Durability assessment of impregnated Glass Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (GFRCM) composites in the alkaline and saline environments. Constr. Build. Mater. 105, 465–471 (2016)
Nobili, A., Falope, F.O.: Impregnated carbon fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix composite for rehabilitation of the Finale Emilia hospital roofs: case study. J. Compos. Constr. 21(4), 05017001 (2017)
Nobili, A., Signorini, C.: On the effect of curing time and environmental exposure on impregnated Carbon Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (CFRCM) composite with design considerations. Compos. Part B-Eng. 112, 300–313 (2017)
Papanicolaou, C.G., Triantafillou, T.C., Papathanasiou, M., Karlos, K.: Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) versus FRP as strengthening material of URM walls: out-of-plane cyclic loading. Mater. Struct. 41(1), 143–157 (2008)
RILEM Technical Committee 232-TDT: Test methods and design of textile reinforced concrete. Mater. Struct. 49(12), 4923–4927 (2016)
Scheffler, C., Gao, S.L., Plonka, R., Mäder, E., Hempel, S., Butler, M., Mechtcherine, V.: Interphase modification of alkali-resistant glass fibres and carbon fibres for textile reinforced concrete I: fibre properties and durability. Compos. Sci. Technol. 69(3–4), 531–538 (2009)
Scheffler, C., Gao, S.L., Plonka, R., Mäder, E., Hempel, S., Butler, M., Mechtcherine, V.: Interphase modification of alkali-resistant glass fibres and carbon fibres for Textile Reinforced Concrete II: water adsorption and composite interphases. Compos. Sci. Technol. 69(7–8), 905–912 (2009)
Signorini, C., Nobili, A., Cedillo Gonzalez, E.I., Siligardi, C.: Silica coating for interphase bond enhancement of carbon and AR-Glass Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM). Compos. Part B-Eng. 141, 191–202 (2018)
Signorini, C., Nobili, A., Siligardi, C.: Sustainable mineral coating of alkali-resistant glass fibres in textile-reinforced mortar composites for structural purposes. J. Compos. Mater. 53, 4203–4213 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998319855765
Signorini, C., Sola, A., Nobili, A., Siligardi, C.: Lime-cement Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) with modified interphase. J. Appl. Biomater. Funct. 17(1), 2280800019827823 (2019)
Triantafillou, T.C., Papanicolaou, C.G.: Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete members with Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) jackets. Mater. Struct. 39(1), 93–103 (2006)
Tsai, S.W.: Theory of Composites Design. Think Composites, Dayton (1992)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Signorini, C., Nobili, A., Sola, A., Messori, M. (2020). Optimal Epoxy Dilution for Epoxy-Coated Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM): An Experimental Perspective. In: Carcaterra, A., Paolone, A., Graziani, G. (eds) Proceedings of XXIV AIMETA Conference 2019. AIMETA 2019. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41057-5_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41057-5_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41056-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41057-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)