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Biochar Applications in Agriculture and Environment Management pp 53–76Cite as

The Potential Application of Biochars for Dyes with an Emphasis on Azo Dyes: Analysis Through an Experimental Case Study Utilizing Fruit-Derived Biochar for the Abatement of Congo Red as the Model Pollutant

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Abstract

The unbridled industrialization and unrestrained expansion of modern textile facilities combined with a deficiency of adequate treatment provisions have escalated the discharge of toxic effluents rich in carcinogenic pollutants such as dyes. As a consequence, there is an alarming need for the development of financially suitable and highly efficient treatment options to protect the immaculate ecosystems, natural resources, and human health. In this respect, adsorption-based treatment options have attracted widespread attention as eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. Biochar has propelled itself to the forefront of the scientific community as a highly economical sorbent with great adsorption capabilities. Notably, biochars provide a win-win strategy by simultaneously utilizing the waste biomass during its production and a great adsorbent for pollutant removal. Although biochars have been applied for the treatment of various dyes, there have been very few reports of its application for Congo red (CR) dye. In this book chapter we analyze the application of biochar for dyes with particular focus on CR. We try to practically understand the mechanism of interaction between biochar and CR molecules (a model anionic azo dye) by elucidating an experimental case study. The case study will provide valuable insights into the importance of the utilization of locally available bio waste for economic biochar production and the mechanism of removal of anionic dyes through biochars. In brief, the adsorptive removal of CR was investigated using Arjun fruit biochar (AFB) derived from the fruit of locally grown Terminalia arjuna. The sorptive removal of CR on AFB was investigated under the following operational conditions (pH, 2–12; biochar dosage, 4–14 g/L; temperature, 30–60 °C; and contact time, 30–480 min). The sorption behavior of CR was well described through the Langmuir monolayer model (R2 = 0.9985) and pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 ≥ 0.9977) for all tested CR levels (20–100 mg/L). The results of thermodynamic analysis revealed that the sorption of CR onto AFB proceeded favorably and spontaneously.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, & Future Planning (No. 2016R1E1A1A01940995). The authors also acknowledge Project Varanasi and the Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi for providing the necessary facilities for conducting this research.

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  1. Authors Kumar Vikrant and Kangkan Roy have been contributed equally to this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Kumar Vikrant

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Kumar Vikrant & Ki-Hyun Kim

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Kangkan Roy, Himanshu Tiwari, Balendu Shekher Giri & Ram Sharan Singh

  4. Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mandavi Goswami

  5. Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

    Yui Fai Tsang

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  1. Kumar Vikrant
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  2. Kangkan Roy
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  3. Mandavi Goswami
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  4. Himanshu Tiwari
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  5. Balendu Shekher Giri
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  8. Ram Sharan Singh
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Correspondence to Ki-Hyun Kim .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Jay Shankar Singh

  2. Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Chhatarpal Singh

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Vikrant, K. et al. (2020). The Potential Application of Biochars for Dyes with an Emphasis on Azo Dyes: Analysis Through an Experimental Case Study Utilizing Fruit-Derived Biochar for the Abatement of Congo Red as the Model Pollutant. In: Singh, J., Singh, C. (eds) Biochar Applications in Agriculture and Environment Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40997-5_3

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