Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, they have been considered as very promising and effective drugs for every kind of bacterial infection for humans, as well as for food-producing animals. The unregulated use of this type of drugs in livestock has a significant impact on spreading of drug resistance. The presented chapter contains a short comparison between antibiotics used in medicine vs. antibiotics used in veterinary practice. Usage of antibiotics crucial for human medicine in veterinary practice is also extensively described. The chapter also contains a description of antibiotic residues, together with drug resistance genes prevalence in manure/agricultural waste and manure-amended soil. The adverse effect of antibiotic residues presence in the environment on plants and natural soil microbiome is discussed. Furthermore, the recent regulation in EU regarding antimicrobial usage in livestock, as well as manure use within EU Member States in agriculture, has been mentioned. Finally, some common conclusions on joint action to fight antimicrobial resistance have been proposed.
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Acknowledgments
This review research was supported by the grant from the National Science Centre (NCN), Poland (2017/25/Z/NZ7/03026) under the European Horizon 2020, The Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (5th JPIAMR Joint Call). “INART - Intervention of antimicrobial resistance transfer into the food chain” (http://www.inart-project.eu/index.html).
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Zalewska, M., Popowska, M. (2020). Antimicrobial/Antibiotic Resistance Genes Due to Manure and Agricultural Waste Applications. In: Hashmi, M. (eds) Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40422-2_6
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