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Obesity and Osteoarthritis: Are Adipokines Bridging Metabolism, Inflammation, and Biomechanics?

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Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 19))

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent debilitating and painful pathology derived from progressive degeneration of articular joints. Obesity has long been recognized as a significant and potentially preventable risk factor for OA incidence, progression, and disability. Biomechanical loading, together with metabolic and inflammatory imbalances of the joint, strongly contributes to obesity-induced OA pathophysiology. Adipose-tissue derived cytokines—adipokines—have demonstrated roles in modulating pro/anti-inflammatory and anabolic/catabolic joint balance, with implications in cartilage and bone homeostasis. Mechanical stress may lead to considerable increases in proinflammatory mediators within the joint. Therefore, adipokines emerged as potential candidates to link mechanical, metabolic and inflammatory components of obesity-induced osteoarthritis. Herein we summarize the biology of adipokines in joint tissues, highlighting their implications in the dysregulation of joint homeostasis and, thus OA pathogenesis. Many of the aspects of the adipokine network remain largely unknown and further insights into the intimate mechanisms of adipokines activity will be of great relevance to develop disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs, especially for obese patients.

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Acknowledgements

OG and FL are Staff Personnel of Xunta de Galicia (Servizo Galego de Saude, SERGAS) through a research-staff stabilization contract (ISCIII/SERGAS). VF is a “Sara Borrell” Researcher funded by ISCIII and FEDER (CD16/00111). RG is a “Miguel Servet” Researcher funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and FEDER. CRF is a pre-doctoral research scholar funded by ISCIII and FEDER (Exp. 18/00188). OG, MAGG and RG are members of RETICS Programme, RD16/0012/0014 (RIER: Red de Investigación en Inflamación y Enfermedades Reumáticas) via Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and FEDER. FL is a member of CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares).

The work of OG and JP (PI17/00409), RG (PI16/01870 and CP15/00007) and FL (PI15/00681 PI18/00821 and CB16/11/00226) was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER. OG is a beneficiary of a project funded by Research Executive Agency of the European Union in the framework of MSCA-RISE Action of the H2020 Programme (Project number 734899). RG and OG are beneficiaries of a project funded by Mutua Madrileña 2018.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. OG is also beneficiary of a grant from Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Economia, Emprego e Industria, Axencia Galega de Innovación, Grant n° IN607B2019/10.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Vera Francisco, Clara Ruiz-Fernández, Jesús Pino & Oreste Gualillo

  2. SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Division of Rheumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Antonio Mera

  3. Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain

    Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay

  4. Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Francisca Lago

  5. Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Rodolfo Gómez

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  1. Vera Francisco
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  2. Clara Ruiz-Fernández
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  7. Rodolfo Gómez
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  8. Oreste Gualillo
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Correspondence to Oreste Gualillo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Asper Clinical Research Institute and Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Paramjit S. Tappia

  2. Asper Clinical Research Institute and Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Bram Ramjiawan

  3. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Francisco, V. et al. (2020). Obesity and Osteoarthritis: Are Adipokines Bridging Metabolism, Inflammation, and Biomechanics?. In: Tappia, P., Ramjiawan, B., Dhalla, N. (eds) Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35358-2_6

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