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The Microbiome in Food Allergy and Eosinophilic Esophagitis

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Pediatric Food Allergy

Abstract

While it has been proposed that the relatively recent rise in human food allergy is linked to an environmental factor, the fundamental understanding of the underlying etiology remains elusive. Disruption of the human microbiome is one mechanism by which the environment could influence immune and physiological dysregulation and potentiate food allergy. The microbiome is the collection of microbial organisms and their genes that co-associate with our bodies. Life style choices, including diet, levels of activity, and the degree of interaction with the outdoor world, are all associated with distinct changes in the metabolic products synthesized by the resident microbiome. The microbiome and its metabolites play an essential role in physiological stability in the human body. Disruption of this homeostasis can lead to a reduction in the synthesis of short chain fatty acids, which can retard intestinal epithelial cell maturity and alter regulatory T-cell differentiation. Additionally, certain life styles can select for the growth of bacteria that produce proinflammatory compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide or lipopolysaccharide. While the mechanisms remain unclear, the literature suggests that host-microbe interactions are central to allergic processes. In this chapter, we explore how microbiome colonization and development early in life are associated with food allergy onset and examine the potential of microbiome-based therapeutics to successfully treat food allergic disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Alyson L. Yee

  2. Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Mary M. Buschmann & Jack A. Gilbert

  3. Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Christina E. Ciaccio

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  1. Alyson L. Yee
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  2. Mary M. Buschmann
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  3. Christina E. Ciaccio
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  4. Jack A. Gilbert
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ruchi S. Gupta

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Yee, A.L., Buschmann, M.M., Ciaccio, C.E., Gilbert, J.A. (2020). The Microbiome in Food Allergy and Eosinophilic Esophagitis. In: Gupta, R. (eds) Pediatric Food Allergy . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33292-1_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33292-1_11

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