Skip to main content

General Workup Prior to the Treatment Phase of Oral Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Textbook of Oral Cancer

Part of the book series: Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry ((TECD))

  • 1456 Accesses

Abstract

The workup consists of taking a thorough history and physical examination and assessing the nutritional status and functional status in addition to conducting a dental evaluation, multiple imaging modalities at the primary site and at distant sites, and biopsy of the lesion. A thorough and preoperative medical, anesthetic, and surgical assessment is to be undertaken to identify pathophysiology and determine perioperative risk stratification, anesthetic management, medical management, surgical management, and medical optimization. Based on these assessments, the oncology team would determine if the patient is healthy enough to withstand treatment, and the decision is based on the interplay of existing comorbidities, patient age, functional status, performance status, and frailty. The eventual goal is to integrate all of this information and to clinically stage the patient and develop a treatment plan consistent with the patient’s treatment goals and tolerance for any side effects of treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Rennemo E, Zätterström U, Boysen M. Synchronous second primary tumors in 2,016 head and neck cancer patients: role of symptom-directed panendoscopy. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(2):304–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Merritt RM, et al. Detection of cervical metastasis: a meta-analysis comparing computed tomography with physical examination. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;123(2):149–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Babshet M, et al. Efficacy of oral brush cytology in the evaluation of the oral premalignant and malignant lesions. J Cytol. 2011;28(4):165–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gupta S, et al. Clinical correlative study on early detection of oral cancer and precancerous lesions by modified oral brush biopsy and cytology followed by histopathology. J Cancer Res Ther. 2014;10(2):232–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rhodus NL, Kerr AR, Patel K. Oral cancer: leukoplakia, premalignancy, and squamous cell carcinoma. Dent Clin N Am. 2014;58(2):315–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rashid A, Warnakulasuriya S. The use of light-based (optical) detection systems as adjuncts in the detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2015;44(5):307–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Baeten J, et al. Chairside molecular imaging of aberrant glycosylation in subjects with suspicious oral lesions using fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin. Head Neck. 2018;40(2):292–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Baeten J, et al. Molecular imaging of oral premalignant and malignant lesions using fluorescently labeled lectins. Transl Oncol. 2014;7(2):213–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Portugal LC, Wilson KM, Biddinger PW, et al. The role of toluidine blue in assessing margin status after resection of squamous cell carci-nomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122:517–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Schilling C, et al. Sentinel European Node Trial (SENT): 3-year results of sentinel node biopsy in oral cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2015;51(18):2777–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Blatt S, et al. Diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma: how much imaging do we really need? A review of the current literature. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(5):538–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sarrion Perez MG, et al. Utility of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of oral cancer. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(9):1880–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Li-Jen L, et al. Detection of cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancer patients with clinically N0 neck-a meta-analysis comparing different imaging modalities. BMC Cancer. 2012;12(1):236–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rohde M, et al. 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography in diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50(13):2271–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Xiao Y, et al. The value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI in the diagnosis of head and neck carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Nucl Med Commun. 2015;36(4):312–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chaukar D, et al. Relative value of ultrasound, computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging in the clinically node-negative neck in oral cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2016;12(2):e332–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Levett DZH, Grocott MPW. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, prehabilitation, and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Can J Anaesth. 2015;62:131–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Paleri V, et al. Comorbidity in head and neck cancer: a critical appraisal and recommendations for practice. Oral Oncol. 2010;46(10):712–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bøje CR, et al. The impact of comorbidity on outcome in 12 623 Danish head and neck Cancer patients: a population based study from the DAHANCA database. Acta Oncol. 2013;52(2):285–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Borggreven PA, et al. Comorbid condition as a prognostic factor for complications in major surgery of the oral cavity and oropharynx with microvascular soft tissue reconstruction. Head Neck. 2003;25(10):808–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. de Cassia Braga Ribeiro K, Kowalski LP, Latorre Mdo R. Perioperative complications, comorbidities, and survival in oral or oropharyngeal cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129(2):219–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. de Melo GM, et al. Risk factors for postoperative complications in oral cancer and their prognostic implications. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127(7):828–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Shuman AG, et al. Optimizing perioperative management of geriatric patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2014;36(5):743–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Adams P, et al. Frailty as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in inpatient head and neck surgery. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;139(8):783–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Maione P, et al. Pretreatment quality of life and functional status assessment significantly predict survival of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy: a prognostic analysis of the multicenter Italian lung cancer in the elderly study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(28):6865–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. CorrĂªa GTB, et al. Analysis of ECOG performance status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: association with sociodemographical and clinical factors, and overall survival. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20(11):2679–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. van Kan GA, et al. The assessment of frailty in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2010;26(2):275–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Soeters PB, et al. A rational approach to nutritional assessment. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(5):706–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Righini CA, et al. Assessment of nutritional status at the time of diagnosis in patients treated for head and neck cancer. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2013;130(1):8–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Alshadwi A, et al. Nutritional considerations for head and neck cancer patients: a review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71(11):1853–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Saroul N, et al. Which assessment method of malnutrition in head and neck cancer? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;158:1065. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599818755995.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kaderbay A, et al. Malnutrition and refeeding syndrome prevention in head and neck cancer patients: from theory to clinical application. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(5):1049–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Agarwal E, et al. Malnutrition and poor food intake are associated with prolonged hospital stay, frequent readmissions, and greater in-hospital mortality: results from the nutrition care day survey 2010. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(5):737–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Friedli N, et al. Revisiting the refeeding syndrome: results of a systematic review. Nutrition. 2017;35:151–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Rohrer S, Dietrich JW. Refeeding syndrome: a review of the literature. Z Gastroenterol. 2014;52(6):593–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Gupta K, et al. Clinical assessment scoring system for tracheostomy (CASST) criterion: objective criteria to predict pre-operatively the need for a tracheostomy in head and neck malignancies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(9):1310–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Miller EH, Quinn AI. Dental considerations in the management of head and neck cancer patients. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2006;39(2):319–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Korc-Grodzicki B, et al. Surgical considerations in older adults with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(24):2647–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deepak Kademani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Awadallah, M., Patel, K., Kademani, D. (2020). General Workup Prior to the Treatment Phase of Oral Cancer. In: Warnakulasuriya, S., Greenspan, J. (eds) Textbook of Oral Cancer. Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32316-5_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32316-5_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32315-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32316-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics