Skip to main content
  • 628 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter illustrates interesting and practice relevant case scenarios of emergencies in pediatric neurology with review of the relevant topic. It contains a variety of cases designed to stimulate thought and further reading in this rapidly evolving specialty.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Suggested Reading

Question 1

  • Dlamini N, et al. Cerebral venous sinus (sinovenous) thrombosis in children. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010;21(3–5):511–27.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mallick AA, Sharples PM, Calvert SE. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case series including thrombolysis. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:790–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 2

  • Defresne P, et al. Acute transverse myelitis in children: clinical course and prognostic factors. J Child Neurol. 2003;18(6):401–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas T, et al. The demographic, clinical and MRI features of transverse myelitis in children. J Child Neurol. 2012;27(1):11–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group. Proposed diagnostic criteria and nosology of acute transverse myelitis. Neurology. 2002;59:499–505.

    Google Scholar 

Question 3

  • Alghadir AH, Anwer S. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation in the management of a vestibular migraine: a review. Front Neurol. 2018;9:440.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629–808; Cephalalgia 1988;8(Suppl 7):1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patniyot IR, Gelfand AA. Acute treatment therapies for pediatric migraine: a qualitative systematic review. Headache. 2016;56(1):49–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trofimova A. Imaging of children with nontraumatic headaches. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018;210(1):8–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 4

  • International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629–808.

    Google Scholar 

  • Victorio MC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in children and adolescents. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013;13(3):336.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 5

  • Hussain SA, Lay J, Cheng E, Weng J, Sankar R, Baca CB. Recognition of infantile spasms is often delayed: the ASSIST study. J Pediatr. 2017;190:215–221.e.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 6

  • Pickering LK, et al., editors. 2000 Red Book: clostridial infections: botulism and infant botulism report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 25th ed. Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2000. p. 212–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe GI, Barohn RJ. Neuromuscular junction disorders of childhood. In: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, editors. Pediatric neurology, principles and practice. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1999. p. 1231–2.

    Google Scholar 

Question 7

  • Kiliç A, et al. Neurologic and cardiac findings in children with Sydenham chorea. Pediatr Neurol. 2007;36:159–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker KG, Wilmshurst JM. An update on the treatment of Sydenham’s chorea: the evidence for established and evolving interventions. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2010;3:301–9.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Question 8

  • Herbert Scheinberg I. Wilson’s disease. In: Fauci AS, et al., editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, vol 2. 14th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Companies;1998. p. 2166–9. Am J Emerg Med. 1990;8(4):318–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Castro KI, et al. Wilson’s disease: a review of what we have learned. World J Hepatol. 2015;7(29):2859–70.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Question 9

  • Hedlund GL, Longo N, Pasquali M. Glutaric acidemia type 1. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2006;142C(2):86–94.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vester ME, et al. Subdural hematomas: glutaric aciduria type 1 or abusive head trauma? A systematic review. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2015;11(3):405–15.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Question 10

  • Alqahtani S, Federico P, Myers RP. A case of valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: look beyond the liver. CMAJ. 2007;177(6):568–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Question 11

  • Angelini C, Tasca E. Fatigue in muscular dystrophies. Neuromuscul Disord. 2012;22(Suppl 3):S214–20.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Verma S, et al. Review of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) for the pediatricians in the community. Clin Pediatr. 2010;49(11):1011–7.

    Google Scholar 

Question 12

  • Chinnery PF. Chapter 429: Muscle diseases. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, editors. Goldman’s Cecil medicine. 24th ed Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders;2011.

    Google Scholar 

Question 13

  • Bockova R, Rigamonti D. Intracranial empyema. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19(8):735–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foerster BR, Thurnher MM, Malani PN, Petrou M, Carets-Zumelzu F, Sundgren PC. Intracranial infections: clinical and imaging characteristics. Acta Radiologica. 2007;48(8):875–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 14

  • Chatterjee S, et al. Intramedullary tumors in children. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2011;6(Suppl1):S86–90.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jallo GI, et al. The current management of intramedullary neoplasms in children and young adults. Ann Neurosurg. 2001;1(1):1–13.

    Google Scholar 

Question 15

  • Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38:1–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahai-Srivastava S, Sigman E, Uyeshiro Simon A, Cleary L, Ginoza L. Multidisciplinary team treatment approaches to chronic daily headaches. Headache. 2017;57(9):1482–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 16

  • Arslan EA, et al. Wernicke encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency after surgery on a child with duodenal stenosis. Pediatr Neurol. 2014;51(6):840–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sechi G, Serra A. Wernicke’s encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:442–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 17

  • Coralic Z, Kim AS, Vinson DR. Prochlorperazine-induced hemidystonia mimicking acute stroke. West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(4):572–4.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Derinoz O, Caglar AA. Drug-induced movement disorders in children at paediatric emergency department: ‘dystonia’. Emerg Med J. 2013;30(2):130–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park HW, Kwak JR, Lee JS. Clinical characteristics of acute drug-induced dystonia in pediatric patients. Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2017;4(3):133–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Question 18

  • Holtkamp M. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the intensive care setting. Adv Neurol Disord. 2011;4(3):169–81.

    Google Scholar 

Question 19

  • Baugh RF. Clinical practice guideline: Bell’s palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(3 Suppl):S1–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blumenfeld H. Neuroanatomy through clinical cases. 2nd ed. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich SG. Bell’s palsy. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2017;23(2, Selected Topics in Outpatient Neurology):447–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiemstra JD, Khatkhate N. Bell’s palsy: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(7):997–1002.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 20

  • Giza CC, Kutcher JS, Ashwal S, et al. Evidence-based guideline update: evaluation and management of concussion in sports. Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2013;80(24):2250–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Refakis C, et al. Sports-related concussion in children and adolescents. Clin Spine Surg. 2017;30(5):191–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000000451.

Question 21

  • Desai J, Mitchell WG. Acute cerebellar ataxia, acute cerebellitis, and opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2012;27(11):1482–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 22

  • Allman L, et al. Breath holding spells in children. Adv Nurse Pract. 2008;16(6):53–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMario FJ Jr. Prospective study of children with cyanotic and pallid breath-holding spells. Pediatrics. 2001;107(2):265–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leung AKC. Breath-holding spells in pediatrics: a narrative review of the current evidence. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2019;15(1):22–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Question 23

  • Lee S, Rivkin MJ. Moyamoya disease in children: results from the International Pediatric Stroke Study. J Child Neurol. 2017;32(11):924–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott RM, Smith ER. Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1226–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burke GM, Burke AM, Sherma AK, Hurley MC, Batjer HH, Bendok BR. Moyamoya disease: a summary. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26(4):E11. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.1.FOCUS08310.

  • Tarasów E, KuÅ‚akowska A, Lukasiewicz A, Kapica-Topczewska K, Korneluk-SadzyÅ„ska A, Brzozowska J, Drozdowski W. Moyamoya disease: diagnostic imaging. Pol J Radiol. 2011;76(1):73–9.

    Google Scholar 

Question 24

  • Geyik M, Alptekin M, Erkutlu I, Geyik S, Erbas C, Pusat S, Kural C. Tethered cord syndrome in children: a single-center experience with 162 patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2015;31(9):1559–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 25

  • Alsaadi TM, Marquez AV. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(5):849–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson P, Looper KJ. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a current overview. Epilepsia. 2012;53(10):1679–89.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devinsky O, Gazzola D, Curt LaFrance W. Differentiating between nonepileptic and epileptic seizures. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7(4):210–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 26

  • Gioacchini FM. Prevalence and diagnosis of vestibular disorders in children: a review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(5):718–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 27

  • Li S, Mitchell E, Fromkin J, Berger RP. Retinal hemorrhages in low-risk children evaluated for physical abuse. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(10):913–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paul AR, et al. Non-accidental trauma in pediatric patients: a review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Transl Pediatr. 2014;3(3):195–207.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Young LL. Intracranial Hemorrhage in Children Radiology Cases in pediatric emergency medicine volume 5, case 7. Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine.

    Google Scholar 

Question 28

  • Bernier A, et al. Café-au-lait macules and neurofibromatosis type 1: a review of the literature. Pediatr Neurol. 2016;60:24–29.e1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tonsgard JH. Clinical manifestations and management of neurofibromatosis type 1. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2006;13(1):2–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Question 29

  • Lacroix LE, Galetto A, Haenggeli CA, Gervaix A. Delayed recognition of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a child: a misleading respiratory distress. J Emerg Med. 2010;38(5):e59–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walgaard C, Lingsma HF, Ruts L, Drenthen J, van Koningsveld R, Garssen MJ, et al. Prediction of respiratory insufficiency in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2010;67(6):781–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nallu, S. (2020). Pediatric Neurology. In: Waseem, M., Barata, I., Chao, J., Foster, D., Kondamudi, N. (eds) Prepare for the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Board Examination. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28372-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28372-8_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28370-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28372-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics