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Angiotensin-(1-7)

Abstract

The Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS) has a critical role in kidney function and in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Recent studies have shown that RAS is a dual function system in which the final effects are primarily driven by the balance between two opposite axes: the first formed by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin (Ang) II, and Ang type 1 receptor and the second comprising ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and Mas receptor. In this chapter, we summarize recent studies on the role of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in regulating renal function and in the pathophysiology of experimental and human renal diseases. In regard to renal physiology, Ang-(1-7) takes part in renal hemodynamic regulation and in tubular handling of sodium and water. The majority of experimental studies suggest an overall renoprotective effect of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in several models of renal diseases, including subtotal nephrectomy, diabetes nephropathy, adriamycin induced-nephropathy, and acute renal injury. The renoprotection of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is mainly attributed to reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Few human studies support a compensatory activation of the counter-regulatory RAS axis in renal diseases. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which both RAS axes modulate renal function and take part in the physiopathology of renal diseases in humans. Nevertheless, current knowledge supports the possibility that drugs which mimic or enhance the function of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis may be beneficial for the treatment of renal diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Ana Cristina Simões e Silva

  2. Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Ana Cristina Simões e Silva

  3. National Institute of Science and Technology in Nano Biopharmaceutics – Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Robson Augusto Souza Santos

  4. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Robson Augusto Souza Santos

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  1. Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
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  2. Robson Augusto Souza Santos
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Robson Augusto Souza Santos

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Simões e Silva, A.C., Santos, R.A.S. (2019). Kidney. In: Santos, R. (eds) Angiotensin-(1-7). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_8

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