Skip to main content

Regional Resilience: An Urban Systems Approach

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Urban and Transit Planning

Abstract

The current thinking of regional resilience is dominated by a nodal approach, i.e. based on resilience being primarily focused on isolated individual cities or regions, therefore, neglecting critical influences of regional urban systems. Although the evolutionary approach (multi- or non-equilibrium conceptualizations) places greater emphasis on regional interactions, the urban system and its linkages are not as prevalent as it could be. The approach presented in this paper is of a spatial nature, referring to a macro-view regarding rural–urban linkages and hierarchical interconnectedness. The paper specifically refers to the emerging South African space-economy with a characteristic dispersed settlement pattern exhibiting a strong dependence on a few primate cities. The paper illustrates that when resilience is approached by means of a targeted bottom-up approach on smaller settlements within the regional urban system, an improved settlement distribution is developed in which a higher buffering capacity is established with respect to economic volatility of the national urban system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahern, J. (2011). From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100(4), 341–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C. R., Angeler, D. G., Garmestani, A. S., Gunderson, L. H., & Holling, C. S. (2014). Panarchy: Theory and application. Ecosystems, 17(4), 578–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beier, C. M., Lovecraft, A. L., & Chapin III, F. S. (2009). Growth and collapse of a resource system: an adaptive cycle of change in public lands governance and forest management in Alaska. Ecology and Society, 14(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergesen, A., & Boswell, T. (2000). A world-systems reader: New perspectives on gender, urbanism, cultures, indigenous peoples, and ecology. Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, B. J. (1961). City size distributions and economic development. Economic development and cultural change, 9(4, Part 1), 573–588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bessey, K. M. (2002). Structure and dynamics in an urban landscape: Toward a multiscale view. Ecosystems, 5(4), 360–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boschma, R. (2015). Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience. Regional Studies, 49(5), 733–751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourne, L. S. (1975). Urban systems: Strategies for regulation: A comparison of policies in Britain, Sweden, Australia, and Canada. USA: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourne, L. S., & Simmons, J. W. (1978). System of Cities. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bretagnolle, A., Pumain, D., & Vacchiani-Marcuzzo, C. (2009). The organization of urban systems. In Complexity perspectives in innovation and social change (pp. 197–220). Springer, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brugman, J. (2012). Financing the resilient city. Environment and Urbanisation, 24(1), 215–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunn, S. D., Williams, J. F., & Zeigler, D. J. (Eds.). (2003). Cities of the world: world regional urban development. Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christaller, W. (1966). Central places in southern Germany. Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L. J., Quinlan, A. E., Peterson, G. D., & Wilkinson, C. (2012). Resilience: A bridging concept or a dead end?. Planning Theory and Practice, 13(2), 299–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Weijer, F. (2013). Resilience: A Trojan horse for a new way of thinking?. Maastricht: European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM Discussion Paper 139).

    Google Scholar 

  • Desouza, K. C., & Flanery, T. H. (2013). Designing, planning, and managing resilient cities: A conceptual framework. Cities, 35, 89–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, G. R. (2008). Transformation from “Carbon Valley” to a “Post-Carbon Society” in a climate change hot spot: The coalfields of the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Ecology and Society, 13(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J. P. (2011). Resilience, ecology and adaptation in the experimental city. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36(2), 223–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 253–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockström, J. (2010). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and society, 15(4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, E. D. (2003). Social vulnerability and ecological fragility: Building bridges between social and natural sciences using the Irish Potato Famine as a case study. Conservation Ecology, 7(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmestani, A. S., Allen, C. R., & Bessey, K. M. (2005). Time-series analysis of clusters in city size distributions. Urban Studies, 42(9), 1507–1515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garmestani, A. S., Allen, C. R., Mittelstaedt, J. D., Stow, C. A., & Ward, W. A. (2006). Firm size diversity, functional richness, and resilience. Environment and Development Economics, 11(4), 533–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garud, R., Kumaraswamy, A., & Karnøe, P. (2010). Path dependence or path creation? Journal of Management Studies, 47(4), 760–774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson, L. H. (2001). Panarchy: Understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, A. D. (1956). Definition of system. General systems yearbook, 1, 18–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. D., & Ullman, E. L. (1945). The nature of cities. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 242(1), 7–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. H. (1992). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: An introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artificial intelligence. MIT press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C. S. (1985). Resilience of ecosystems: Local surprise and global change (No. 5, pp. 228–269). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C. S. (1996). Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. Engineering within Ecological Constraints, 31(1996), 32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C. S., Gunderson, L. H., & Light, S. (1995). Barriers and Bridges to the Renewal of Ecosystems. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C. S., Gunderson, L. H., & Peterson, G. D. (2002). Sustainability and panarchies. In L. H. Gunderson & C. S. Holling (Eds.), Panarchy: Understanding transformations in human and natural systems (pp. 63–102). Washington: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, M. (1989). Why geography? The law of the primate city. Geographical Review, 79(2), 226–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G. A. (1977). Aspects of regional analysis in archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 6(1), 479–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G. A. (1980). Rank-size convexity and system integration: A view from archaeology. Economic Geography, 56(3), 234–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lhomme, S., Serre, D., Diab, Y., & Laganier, R. (2012). Urban technical networks resilience assessment. Resilience and Urban Risk Management, 109, 109–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Losch, A. (1954). Economics of location.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, P., & Stead, D. (2013). Understanding the notion of resilience in spatial planning: A case study of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Cities, 35, 200–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majoor, S. (2015). Resilient practices: A paradox-oriented approach for large-scale development projects. Town Planning Review, 86(3), 257–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. (2011). Regional economic resilience, hysteresis and recessionary shocks. Journal of Economic Geography, 12(1), 1–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2015). On the notion of regional economic resilience: Conceptualization and explanation. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(1), 1–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matyas, D., & Pelling, M. (2015). Positioning resilience for 2015: The role of resistance, incremental adjustment and transformation in disaster risk management policy. Disasters, 39(s1), s1–s18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., & Stults, M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and urban planning, 147, 38–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyström, M., Folke, C., & Moberg, F. (2000). Coral reef disturbance and resilience in a human-dominated environment. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15(10), 413–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsson, P., Gunderson, L. H., Carpenter, S. R., Ryan, P., Lebel, L., Folke, C., & Holling, C. S. (2006). Shooting the rapids: Navigating transitions to adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Ecology and society, 11(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, E. (2001). Vulnerability and polycentric governance systems. IHDP Update, 3(01), 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pendall, R., Foster, K. A., & Cowell, M. (2010). Resilience and regions: Building understanding of the metaphor. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 71–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, S. T., Cadenasso, M. L., & Grove, J. M. (2004). Resilient cities: Meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69(4), 369–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, A., Dawley, S., & Tomaney, J. (2010). Resilience, adaptation and adaptability. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 59–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SACN. (2009). National Urban Development Framework. Pretoria: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1912). 1934. The theory of economic development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmie, J., & Martin, R. (2010). The economic resilience of regions: Towards an evolutionary approach. Cambridge journal of regions, economy and society, 3(1), 27–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turok, I. (2014). The resilience of South African cities a decade after local democracy. Environment and Planning A, 46(4), 749–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Apeldoorn, D. F., Kok, K., Sonneveld, M. P., & Veldkamp, T. (2011). Panarchy rules: Rethinking resilience of agroecosystems, evidence from Dutch dairy-farming. Ecology and Society, 16(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Aswegen, M. (2018). Planning for a resilient peripheral region: A regional policy approach. Doctoral dissertation. North-West University (South Africa), Potchefstroom Campus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Huyssteen, E., Mans, G., le Roux, A., Maritz, J., Ngidi, M., & Maditse, K. (2016). Profiling SA’s system of towns-Introducing the CSIR/SACN South African Settlement Typology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Huyssteen, E., Mans, G., & Ngidi, M. (2013). Reaching development outcomes through a dedicated focus on cities, towns and settlements (p. 3). StepSA Policy Brief Series: Policy Brief.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, B., Gunderson, L., Kinzig, A., Folke, C., Carpenter, S., & Schultz, L. (2006). A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social-ecological systems. Ecology and society, 11(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallerstein, I. M. (2011). The modern world-system I: Capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world-economy in the sixteenth century (Vol. 1). Univ of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallerstein, I. M. (2014). World system vs. world-systems, a critique. In B. Gills & A. Frank (Eds.), The world-system: Five hundred years or five thousand (pp. 292–296). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zipf, G. (1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. van Aswegen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

van Aswegen, M., Drewes, J.E., van der Linde, E. (2020). Regional Resilience: An Urban Systems Approach. In: Bougdah, H., Versaci, A., Sotoca, A., Trapani, F., Migliore, M., Clark, N. (eds) Urban and Transit Planning. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17308-1_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics