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Phycoremediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants from Wastewater: Retrospect and Prospects

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Book cover Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are the most widespread pollutants having toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Countless amounts of POPs are introduced into our environment as an outcome of myriads of anthropogenic activities. Pollution caused by POPs is a severe problem throughout the world. To solve the problem, extensive research efforts have been focused worldwide to implement sustainable technologies for the treatment of POPs present in the environment. There are various chemical and biological remediation methods which are well documented and are in practice for removal of diverse forms of POPs from soil and aquatic system. Microbial remediation process is an economical way to remediate POPs as compared to the chemical process and has been studied well over a period of more than three decades. Recently, interest has gathered in phycoremediation of POPs into harmless organic pollutants, which are adaptive, ubiquitous, and thriving in different ecosystems. The objective of this chapter is to review and discuss the bioremediating and biodegradative competencies of microalgae on persistent organic pollutants, viz., PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, OCPs, phenolics, PHCs, and antibiotics. This chapter will concisely incorporate studies which have examined and scrutinized the oxidation, transformation, and accumulation of these compounds by algal species. A detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in bioremediation and biotransformation of POPs has also been reviewed. the limitations and various approaches to enhance phycoremediation and its perspective are discussed in detail.

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Abbreviations

2,4-DNP:

2,4-dinitrophenol

ARISA:

Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis

B[k]F:

Benzo[k] fluoranthene

BaA:

Benzo[a] anthracene

BaF:

Benzo[b] fluoranthene

BGA:

Blue-green algae

BghiP:

Benzo[g,h,i] erylene

BPA:

Bisphenol A

DDT:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

DGEG:

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EDCs:

Endocrine disruptors

EE2:

17-α- Ethinylestradiol

FISH:

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

Fla.:

Fluoranthene

HAB:

Harmful algal bloom

HMW-PAH:

High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

LH-PCR:

Length Heterogeneity Polymerase Chain Reaction

LMW-PAH:

Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

LTRR:

Long tandemly repeated repetitive

OC:

Organochlorine

OP:

4-Octylphenol

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PCB:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PHC:

Petroleum hydrocarbon

Phe:

Phenanthrene

PNP:

Poly-nitrophenol

POP:

Persistent organic pollutants

PS I, II:

Photosystem I, II

Pyr:

Pyrene

RAPD:

Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA

RFLP:

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SSCP:

Single-strand conformation polymorphism

STRR:

Short tandemly repeated repetitive

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Acknowledgment

Authors (A.P. and M.P.S.) would like to give their sincere thanks to Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), New Delhi (India), for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ashutosh Pandey, Manish Pratap Singh & Sameer Srivastava

  2. School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjay Kumar

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  1. Ashutosh Pandey
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  2. Manish Pratap Singh
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  3. Sanjay Kumar
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  4. Sameer Srivastava
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Correspondence to Sameer Srivastava .

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  1. Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology – Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sanjay Kumar Gupta

  2. Institute for Water and Wastewater Technologies, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

    Faizal Bux

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Pandey, A., Singh, M.P., Kumar, S., Srivastava, S. (2019). Phycoremediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants from Wastewater: Retrospect and Prospects. In: Gupta, S.K., Bux, F. (eds) Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13913-1_11

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