Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sleep and Quality of Life in ADHD

  • Chapter
Sleep and Quality of Life in Clinical Medicine

  • 2479 Accesses

Summary

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. From early childhood to late adulthood, patients with ADHD (or their parents) complain about poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep quantity. As a result, ADHD patients experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Because EDS has been found to result in behavioral problems and cognitive impairments that mimic ADHD symptoms, sleep problems (e.g., due to a primary sleep disorder) may be misdiagnosed as ADHD. Alternatively, ADHD may actually cause sleep disturbances, e.g., due to dysfunctions in shared dopaminergic or noradrenergic neural systems. Here, we review studies on sleep and ADHD. Studies using subjective measures, such as questionnaires and diaries, have indicated a wide variety of sleep problems, a high prevalence of sleep disorders, and EDS. Studies using objective measures have only partly been able to confirm these findings. Studies using the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) have clearly demonstrated EDS in ADHD. Actigraphic studies have inconsistently suggested an increase in nocturnal activity levels, whereas polysomnographic studies have mostly indicated deviations in REM activity and the presence of periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Intervention studies yielded mixed results. Sleep problems have been claimed to reduce, increase, and be unaffected by methylphenidate (MPH), the drug of choice for ADHD treatment. The large inconsistencies across studies are likely due to numerous confounding variables, such as small sample sizes, the heterogeneity of ADHD samples, the presence of comorbid conditions, differences in medication status and treatment regiments, differences in pubertal status, gender and the lack of methodological guidelines (e.g., the use of validated questionnaires and the inclusion of adaptation nights). Implications for future research are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, third edition (DSM-III). Washington DC 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  2. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, revision of third edition (DSM-III-R). Washington DC 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  3. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington DC 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Still GF. Some abnormal psychical conditions in children. Lancet 1902:1008–12, 77–82, 163–168.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Douglas VI. Stop, look, and listen: The problem of sustained attention and. impulse control in hyperactive and normal children. Can J Behav Sci 1972; 4:259–82.

    Google Scholar 

  6. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, text revision of fourth edition (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kooij JJ, Buitelaar JK, van den Oord EJ, Furer JW, Rijnders CA, Hodiamont PP. Internal and external validity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a population-based sample of adults. Psychol Med 2005; 35:817–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV. Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:816–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Spencer T, Mick E, Murray K, Petty C, et al. Diagnosing adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: are late onset and subthreshold diagnoses valid? Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1720–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Skounti M, Philalithis A, Galanakis E. Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatrics 2007;166:117–23.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Swanson JM, Sergeant JA, Taylor E, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Jensen PS, Cantwell DP. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder. Lancet 1998;351:429–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kessler RC, Adler L, Barkley R, Biederman J, Conners CK, Demler O, et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Co-morbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:716–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Murphy K, Barkley RA. Prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD in adult licensed drivers: Implications for clinical diagnosis. J Atten Disord 1996;1:147–61.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kessler RC, Adler LA, Barkley R, Biederman J, Conners CK, Faraone SV, et al. Patterns and predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence into adulthood: Results from the national co-morbidity survey replication. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1442–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Spencer T, Wilens T, Norman D, Lapey KA, et al. Patterns of psychiatric co-morbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:1792–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kutcher S, Aman M, Brooks SJ, Buitelaar J, van Daalen E, Fegert J, et al. International consensus statement on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs): Clinical implications and treatment practice suggestions. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2004;14:11–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kooij JJ, Burger H, Boonstra AM, Van der Linden PD, Kalma LE, Buitelaar JK. Efficacy and safety of methylphenidate in 45 adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over trial. Psychol Med 2004;34:973–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Seidman LJ. Neuropsychological functioning in people with ADHD across the lifespan. Clin Psychol Rev 2006;26:466–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF. Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1336–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Feighner JA, Monuteaux MC. Assessing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: Which is more valid? J consult clin psychol 2000;68:830–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. McLean A, Dowson J, Toone B, Young S, Bazanis E, Robbins TW, et al. Characteristic neurocognitive profile associated with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med 2004;34:681–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sergeant JA. Modeling attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a critical appraisal of the cognitive-energetic model. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1248–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 1997;121:65–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Quay HC. Inhibition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1997;25:7–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Nigg JT. Is ADHD a disinhibitory disorder? Psychol Bull. 2001;127:571–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rubia K, Taylor E, Smith AB, Oksanen H, Overmeyer S, Newman S. Neuropsychological analyses of impulsiveness in childhood hyperactivity. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:138–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Durston S. A review of the biological bases of ADHD: What have we learned from imaging studies? Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2003;9:184–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Berquin PC, Walter JM, Sharp W, Tran T, et al. Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:289–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Marsh WL, Hamburger SD, Vaituzis AC, Dickstein DP, et al. Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:607–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Krain AL, Castellanos FX. Brain development and ADHD. Clin Psychol Rev 2006;26:433–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Faraone SV. Genetics of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2004;27:303–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Gilger JW, Pennington BF, DeFries JC. A twin study of the etiology of co-morbidity: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992;31:343–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sherman DK, Iacono WG, McGue MK. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder dimensions: a twin study of inattention and impulsivity-hyperactivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:745–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Swanson J, Posner M, Fusella J, Wasdell M, Sommer T, Fan J. Genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2001;3:92–100.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Brookes K, Xu X, Chen W, Zhou K, Neale B, Lowe N, et al. The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes. Mol psychiatry 2006;11:934–53.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Milberger S, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Guite J, Tsuang MT. Pregnancy, delivery and infancy complications and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Issues of gene-environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry 1997;41:65–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Buitelaar JK. Epidemiology: what have we learned over the last decade? In: Sandberg S, ed. Hyperactivity and attention-deficit disorders. Cambridge University Press 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T, Harding M, O’Donnell D, Griffin S. Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder across the life cycle. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:409–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T, Doyle R, Surman C, Prince J, et al. A large, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:456–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Scheres A, Oosterlaan J, Swanson J, Morein-Zamir S, Meiran N, Schut H, et al. The effect of methylphenidate on three forms of response inhibition in boys with AD/HD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2003;31:105–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lijffijt M, Kenemans JL, ter Wal A, Quik EH, Kemner C, Westenberg H, et al. Dose-related effect of methylphenidate on stopping and changing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2006;21:544–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Borbely AA. A two process model of sleep regulation. Hum Neurobiol 1982;1:195–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Dement WC. Sleepiness. In: Carskadon MA, ed. Encyclopedia of sleep and dreaming New York: Macmillan 1993:554.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Tomlin R, Villa V. Attention in cognitive science and Second Language Acquisition. Stud Second Lang Acquis 1994;16:183–203.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Owens JA. The ADHD and sleep conundrum: A review. J Dev Behav Pediatr 200526:312–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hayes D, Jr. Narcolepsy with cataplexy in early childhood. Clin Pediatr 2006;45:361–3.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kelman BB. The sleep needs of adolescents. J Sch Nurs 1999;15:14–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Fallone G, Acebo C, Seifer R, Carskadon MA. Experimental restriction of sleep opportunity in children: effects on teacher ratings. Sleep 2005;28:1561–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Fallone G, Owens JA, Deane J. Sleepiness in children and adolescents: Clinical implications. Sleep Med Rev 2002;6:287–306.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kass SJ, Wallace JC, Vodanovich SJ. Boredom proneness and sleep disorders as predictors of adult attention deficit scores. J Atten Disord 2003;7:83–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Durmer JS, Dinges DF. Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Semin Neurol 2005;25:117–29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Randazzo AC, Muehlbach MJ, Schweitzer PK, Walsh JK. Cognitive function following acute sleep restriction in children ages 10–14. Sleep 1998;21:861–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Thomas M, Sing H, Belenky G, Holcomb H, Mayberg H, Dannals R, et al. Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity. J Sleep Res 2000;9:335–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Chervin RD, Hedger K, Dillon JE, Pituch KJ. Pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ): Validity and reliability of scales for sleep-disordered breathing, snoring, sleepiness, and behavioral problems. Sleep Med 2000;1:21–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991;14:540–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Carskadon MA, Dement WC. Sleep tendency: an objective measure of sleep loss. Sleep Res 1977;6:200.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Ancoli-Israel S, Cole R, Alessi C, Chambers M, Moorcroft W, Pollak CP. The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep 2003;26:342–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Sadeh A, Acebo C. The role of actigraphy in sleep medicine. Sleep Med Rev 2002;6:113–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Chervin RD, Archbold KH, Dillon JE, Pituch KJ, Panahi P, Dahl RE, et al. Associations between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, restless legs, and periodic leg movements. Sleep 2002;25:213–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Gau SS, Kessler RC, Tseng WL, Wu YY, Chiu YN, Yeh CB, et al. Association between sleep problems and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults. Sleep 2007;30:195–201.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Chervin RD, Ruzicka DL, Archbold KH, Dillon JE. Snoring predicts hyperactivity four years later. Sleep 2005;28:885–90.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Corkum P, Moldofsky H, Hogg-Johnson S, Humphries T, Tannock R. Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: impact of subtype, co-morbidity, and stimulant medication. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999;38:1285–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Gaultney JF, Terrell DF, Gingras JL. Parent-reported periodic limb movement, sleep disordered breathing, bedtime resistance behaviors, and ADHD. Behav Sleep Med 2005;3:32–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Owens JA, Maxim R, Nobile C, McGuinn M, Msall M. Parental and self-report of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:549–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Stein MA. Unravelling sleep problems in treated and untreated children with ADHD. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1999;9:157–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kaplan BJ, McNicol J, Conte RA, Moghadam HK. Sleep disturbance in preschool-aged hyperactive and nonhyperactive children. Pediatrics 1987;80:839–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Carskadon MA, Pueschel SM, Millman RP. Sleep-disordered breathing and behavior in three risk groups: Preliminary findings from parental reports. Childs Nerv Syst 1993;9:452–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Chervin RD, Dillon JE, Bassetti C, Ganoczy DA, Pituch KJ. Symptoms of sleep disorders, inattention, and hyperactivity in children. Sleep 1997;20:1185–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Pagel JF, Snyder S, Dawson D. Obstructive sleep apnea in sleepy pediatric psychiatry clinic patients: Polysomnographic and clinical correlates. Sleep Breath 2004;8:125–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Schredl M, Alm B, Sobanski E. Sleep quality in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006;257(3):164–168.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Oosterloo M, Lammers GJ, Overeem S, de Noord I, Kooij JJ. Possible confusion between primary hypersomnia and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2006;143:293–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. LeBourgeois MK, Avis K, Mixon M, Olmi J, Harsh J. Snoring, sleep quality, and sleepiness across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes. Sleep 2004;27:520–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Marcotte AC, Thacher PV, Butters M, Bortz J, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Parental report of sleep problems in children with attentional and learning disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1998;19:178–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Mick E, Biederman J, Jetton J, Faraone SV. Sleep disturbances associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The impact of psychiatric co-morbidity and pharmacotherapy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2000;10:223–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Day HD, Abmayr SB. Parent reports of sleep disturbances in stimulant-medicated children with attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder. J Clin Psychol 1998;54:701–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Ball JD, Tiernan M, Janusz J, Furr A. Sleep patterns among children with attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder: A reexamination of parent perceptions. J Pediatr Psychol 1997;22:389–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Stein D, Pat-Horenczyk R, Blank S, Dagan Y, Barak Y, Gumpel TP. Sleep disturbances in adolescents with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Learn Disabil 2002;35:268–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Ring A, Stein D, Barak Y, Teicher A, Hadjez J, Elizur A, et al. Sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comparative study with healthy siblings. J Learn Disabil 1998;31:572–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ahman L, Back E, Bensch K, Olcen P. Non-efficacy of low-dose intradermal vaccination against hepatitis B in Down’s syndrome. Scand J Infect Dis 1993;25:16–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Barkley RA, McMurray MB, Edelbrock CS, Robbins K. Side effects of methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systemic, placebo-controlled evaluation. Pediatrics 1990;86:184–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Burrows-Maclean L, Williams A, Fabiano GA, Morrisey SM, et al. Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics 2001;107:E105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Efron D, Jarman F, Barker M. Side effects of methylphenidate and dexamphetamine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A double-blind, crossover trial. Pediatrics 1997;100:662–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Kent JD, Blader JC, Koplewicz HS, Abikoff H, Foley CA. Effects of late-afternoon methylphenidate administration on behavior and sleep in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 1995;96:320–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Prince JB, Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Wozniak JR. Clonidine for sleep disturbances associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic chart review of 62 cases. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:599–605.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Weiss MD, Wasdell MB, Bomben MM, Rea KJ, Freeman RD. Sleep hygiene and melatonin treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD and initial insomnia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:512–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Lecendreux M, Konofal E, Bouvard M, Falissard B, Mouren-Simeoni MC. Sleep and alertness in children with ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000;41:803–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Golan N, Shahar E, Ravid S, Pillar G. Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactive disorder. Sleep 2004;27:261–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Palm L, Persson E, Bjerre I, Elmqvist D, Blennow G. Sleep and wakefulness in preadolescent children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception. Acta Paediatr 1992;81:618–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Dagan Y, Zeevi-Luria S, Sever Y, Hallis D, Yovel I, Sadeh A, et al. Sleep quality in children with attention deficit hyper-activity disorder: an actigraphic study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997;51:383–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Porrino LJ, Rapoport JL, Behar D, Sceery W, Ismond DR, Bunney WE, Jr. A naturalistic assessment of the motor activity of hyperactive boys. I. Comparison with normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:681–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Wiggs L, Montgomery P, Stores G. Actigraphic and parent reports of sleep patterns and sleep disorders in children with subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sleep 2005;28:1437–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Corkum P, Tannock R, Moldofsky H, Hogg-Johnson S, Humphries T. Actigraphy and parental ratings of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep 2001;24:303–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Bouvard MP, Mouren-Simeoni MC. High levels of nocturnal activity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a video analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;55:97–103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gruber R, Sadeh A, Raviv A. Instability of sleep patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:495–501.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Gruber R, Sadeh A. Sleep and neurobehavioral functioning in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and no reported breathing problems. Sleep 2004;27:267–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Crabtree VM, Ivanenko A, Gozal D. Clinical and parental assessment of sleep in children with attention-deficit/nobreak hyperactivity disorder referred to a pediatric sleep medicine center. Clin Pediatr 2003;42:807–13.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Van der Heijden KB, Smits MG, Van Someren EJ, Gunning WB. Idiopathic chronic sleep onset insomnia in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Chronobiol Int. 2005;22:559–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. van der Heijden KB, Smits MG, Gunning WB. Sleep hygiene and actigraphically evaluated sleep characteristics in children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. J Sleep Res 2006;15(1):55–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Kooij JJ, Middelkoop HA, van Gils K, Buitelaar JK. The effect of stimulants on nocturnal motor activity and sleep quality in adults with ADHD: an open-label case-control study. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:952–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Stein MA, Blondis TA, Schnitzler ER, O’Brien T, Fishkin J, Blackwell B, et al. Methylphenidate dosing: Twice daily versus three times daily. Pediatrics 1996;98:748–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Tirosh E, Sadeh A, Munvez R, Lavie P. Effects of methylphenidate on sleep in children with attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder. An activity monitor study. Am J Dis Child 1993;147:1313–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Schwartz G, Amor LB, Grizenko N, Lageix P, Baron C, Boivin DB, et al. Actigraphic monitoring during sleep of children with ADHD on methylphenidate and placebo. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43:1276–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Gruber R, Grizenko N, Schwartz G, Ben Amor L, Gauthier J, de Guzman R, et al. Sleep and COMT polymorphism in ADHD children: Preliminary actigraphic data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:982–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Van der Heijden KB, Smits MG, Van Someren EJ, Ridderinkhof KR, Gunning WB. Effect of melatonin on sleep, behavior, and cognition in ADHD and chronic sleep-onset insomnia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:233–41.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Sangal RB, Owens JA, Sangal J. Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without observed apneic episodes in sleep or daytime sleepiness have normal sleep on polysomnography. Sleep 2005;28:1143–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Busby K, Firestone P, Pivik RT. Sleep patterns in hyperkinetic and normal children. Sleep 1981;4:366–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. O’Brien LM, Ivanenko A, Crabtree VM, Holbrook CR, Bruner JL, Klaus CJ, et al. Sleep disturbances in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Res 2003Aug;54:237–43.

    Google Scholar 

  108. O’Brien LM, Holbrook CR, Mervis CB, Klaus CJ, Bruner JL, Raffield TJ, et al. Sleep and neurobehavioral characteristics of 5- to 7-year-old children with parentally reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2003;111:554–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. O’Brien LM, Ivanenko A, Crabtree VM, Holbrook CR, Bruner JL, Klaus CJ, et al. The effect of stimulants on sleep characteristics in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep Med 2003;4:309–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Crabtree VM, Ivanenko A, O’Brien LM, Gozal D. Periodic limb movement disorder of sleep in children. J Sleep Res 2003;12:73–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Miano S, Donfrancesco R, Bruni O, Ferri R, Galiffa S, Pagani J, et al. NREM sleep instability is reduced in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep 2006;29:797–803.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Khan AU. Sleep REM latency in hyperkinetic boys. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:1358–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Kirov R, Kinkelbur J, Heipke S, Kostanecka-Endress T, Westhoff M, Cohrs S, et al. Is there a specific polysomnographic sleep pattern in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? J Sleep Res 2004;13:87–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Ramos Platon MJ, Vela Bueno A, Espinar Sierra J, Kales S. Hypnopolygraphic alterations in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) children. Int J Neurosci 1990;53:87–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Lindberg N, Tani P, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Appelberg B, Rimon R, Virkkunen M. ADHD and sleep in homicidal men with antisocial personality disorder. Neuropsychobiol 2004;50:41–7.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Philipsen A, Feige B, Hesslinger B, Ebert D, Carl C, Hornyak M, et al. Sleep in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled polysomnographic study including spectral analysis of the sleep EEG. Sleep 2005;28:877–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Picchietti DL, Underwood DJ, Farris WA, Walters AS, Shah MM, Dahl RE, et al. Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mov Disord 1999;14:1000–7. balance

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Surman CB, Thomas RJ, Aleardi M, Pagano C, Biederman J. Adults with ADHD and sleep complaints: A pilot study identifying sleep-disordered breathing using polysomnography and sleep quality assessment. J Atten Disord 2006;9:550–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Huang YS, Chen NH, Li HY, Wu YY, Chao CC, Guilleminault C. Sleep disorders in Taiwanese children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Sleep Res 2004;13:269–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Andreou C, Karapetsas A, Agapitou P, Gourgoulianis K. Verbal intelligence and sleep disorders in children with ADHD. Percept Mot Skills 2003;96:1283–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Sadeh A, Pergamin L, Bar-Haim Y. Sleep in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic studies. Sleep Med Rev 2006;10:381–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Huang YS, Guilleminault C, Li HY, Yang CM, Wu YY, Chen NH. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with nobreak obstructive sleep apnea: A treatment outcome study. Sleep Med 2007;8:18–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Greenhill L, Puig-Antich J, Goetz R, Hanlon C, Davies M. Sleep architecture and REM sleep measures in prepubertal children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Sleep 1983;6:91–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Sangal RB, Owens J, Allen AJ, Sutton V, Schuh K, Kelsey D. Effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on sleep in children with ADHD. Sleep 2006;29:1573–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Chatoor I, Wells KC, Conners CK, Seidel WT, Shaw D. The effects of nocturnally administered stimulant medication on EEG sleep and behavior in hyperactive children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1983;22:337–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Walters AS, Mandelbaum DE, Lewin DS, Kugler S, England SJ, Miller M. Dopaminergic therapy in children with restless legs/periodic limb movements in sleep and ADHD. Dopaminergic Therapy Study Group. Pediatr Neurol 2000;22:182–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Hoeppner JB, Trommer BL, Armstrong KJ, Rosenberg RS, Picchietti DL. Developmental changes in parental-reported sleep disturbance symptoms in children with Attention Deficit Disorder. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 1996;3:235–42.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Cooper J, Tyler L, Wallace I, Burgess KR. No evidence of sleep apnea in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clin Pediatr 2004;43:609–14.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Picchietti DL, England SJ, Walters AS, Willis K, Verrico T. Periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Neurol 1998;13:588–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Sangal RB, Sangal JM. Rating scales for inattention and sleepiness are correlated in adults with symptoms of sleep dis-ordered breathing syndrome, but not in adults with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep Med 2004;5:133–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Millman RP. Excessive sleepiness in adolescents and young adults: causes, consequences, and treatment strategies. Pediatrics 2005;115:1774–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Van Veen MM, Kooij JJS, Boonstra AM, Van Someren EJW. Disrupted circadian rhythm in adults with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. Submitted, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Evelijne M. Bekker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. J. Sandra Kooij
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jan K. Buitelaar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section Psychopharmacology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508TB, PoBox 80082, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Joris C. Verster

  2. Divison of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street - Rm # BB813, New York, NY 10032, USA

    S. R. Pandi-Perumal

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit (KLARU), 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, M6A 2E1, Canada

    David L. Streiner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bekker, E.M., Kooij, J.J.S., Buitelaar, J.K. (2008). Sleep and Quality of Life in ADHD. In: Verster, J.C., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Streiner, D.L. (eds) Sleep and Quality of Life in Clinical Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-343-5_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-343-5_28

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-340-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-343-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation