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Detection of Extravesical Disease: A Lack of Bladder Cancer Markers

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Bladder Cancer

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

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Abstract

Understaging is a significant problem in the treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma of the bladder. Up to 70% of patients with perceived organ-confined tumors have been found to be understaged by the current clinical standard at the time of cystectomy. With advances in molecular biology, tumor markers that can detect and predict prognosis of patients with bladder cancer are emerging. Both urine and serum cancer markers that aid in differentiating between superficial and invasive bladder cancer are being investigated. This chapter examines the spectrum of predictive markers including microsatellite-associated markers, proto-oncogenes/oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulators, angiogenesis-related factors, extracellular adhesion molecules, and circulating serum markers. While no marker is yet a proven gold standard for predicting the extravesicular extension of bladder tumors, promising early data exists on bladder cancer markers that may differentiate those individuals with organ-confined disease from those with the poorer prognosis of more advanced cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Andrew A. Stec, Michael S. Cookson & Sam S. Chang

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  1. Andrew A. Stec
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  2. Michael S. Cookson
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  3. Sam S. Chang
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Correspondence to Sam S. Chang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Urology, University of Michigan Health System, E. Medical Center Dr. 1500 , Ann Arbor, 48109-0252, U.S.A.

    Cheryl T. Lee

  2. Dept. Urology, University of Michigan Health System, E. Medical Center Dr. 1500 , Ann Arbor, 48109-0252, U.S.A.

    David P. Wood

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Stec, A.A., Cookson, M.S., Chang, S.S. (2009). Detection of Extravesical Disease: A Lack of Bladder Cancer Markers. In: Lee, C., Wood, D. (eds) Bladder Cancer. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-417-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-417-9_7

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