Skip to main content

Ureteral Stents

  • Chapter
Urinary Stone Disease

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

Abstract

Ureteral stents have become an integral part of contemporary urologic practice over the past 20 yr. They are typically placed to prevent or relieve ureteral obstruction secondary to a variety of intrinsic or extrinsic etiologies that include obstructing ureteral calculi, ureteral strictures, congenital anomalies, retroperitoneal tumor or fibrosis, trauma, or iatrogenic injury. Ureteral stents are also commonly placed to provide urinary diversion or postoperative drainage, or to help identify and prevent inadvertent injury to the ureters before surgical procedures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Herman JR. Urology: A View Through the Retrospectroscope. Harper & Row, Hagerstown, MD, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mack T. The double-J: Then and now. In: Stenting the Urinary System, (Yachia D, ed.). ISIS Medical Media, Oxford, England; Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, MO, 1998, pp. 102–106.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Herdman JP. Polyethylene tubing in the experimental surgery of the ureter. Br J Surg 1949; 37: 105–106.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ulm AH, Lo MC. Total bilateral polyvinyl ureteral substitutes in the dog. J Urol 1959; 83: 575–582.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Tullochc WS. Restoration of continuity of the ureter by means of a polyethylene tubing. Br JUrol 1952; 24: 42–45.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Zimskind PD, Kelter TR, Wilkerson SL. Clinical use of long-term indwelling silicone rubber ureteral splints inserted cystoscopically. J Urol 1967; 97: 840–844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Marmar JL. The management of ureteral obstruction with silicone rubber splint catheters. J Urol 1970; 104: 386–389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Orikasa S, Tsuji I, Siba T, et al. A new technique for transurethral insertion of a silicone rubber tube into an obstructed ureter. J Urol 1973; 110: 184–187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gibbons RP, Mason JT, Correa RJ Jr. Experience with indwelling silicone rubber ureteral catheters. J Urol 1974; 111: 594–599.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. McCullough DL. Shepherds crook self-retaining ureteral catheter. Urol Lett Club 1974; 32: 54–55.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hepperlen TW, Mardis HK, Kammandel H. Self-retained internal ureteral stents: A new approach. J Urol 1978; 119:731–734.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Finney RP. Experience with new double J ureteral catheter stent. J Urol 1978; 120: 678–681.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hepperlen TK, Mardis HK.“Pig tail” stent termed means of lessening ureteral surgery. Clin Trends Urol 1978; 1:405.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lennon GM, Thornhill JA, Sweeney PA, et al.’ Firm’ versus #x2019;soft’ double pigtail ureteric stents: A randomised blind comparative trial. Eur Urol 1995; 28: 1–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Slaton JW, Kropp KA. Proximal ureteral stent migration: An avoidable complication? J Urol 1996; 155:58–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Docimo SG, Dewolf WC. High failure rate of indwelling ureteral stents in patients with extrinsic obstruction: Experience at 2 institutions. J Urol 1989; 142: 277–279.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hubner WA, Plas EG, Trigo-Rocha F, et al. Drainage and reflux characteristics of antireflux ureteral double-J stents. J Endourol 1993; 7: 497–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Andriole GL, Bettmann MA, Garnick MB, et al. Indwelling double-J ureteral stents for temporary and permanent urinary drainage: Experience with 87 patients. J Urol 1984; 131: 239–241.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Papo J, Waizbard E, Merimsky E. Spontaneous breakage of a double-pigtail stent and bladder stone formation. J Urol 1986; 92: 617–619.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bloom DA, Clayman RV, McDougal E. Stents and related terms: A brief history. Urology 1999; 54: 767–771.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Esser JF. Studies in plastic surgery of the face. Ann Surg 1917; 65: 297–315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Goodwin WE. Splint, stent, stint. Urology Dig 1972; 11: 13–14.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Montie JE, Stewart BH, Levin HS. Intravasal stents for vasovasostomy in canine subjects. Fertil Steril 1973; 24: 877–883.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Payne SR, Ramsay JW. The effects of double J stents on renal pelvic dynamics in the pig. J Urol 1988; 140: 637–641.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Roos R, Lykoudis PS. The fluid mechanics of the ureter with an inserted catheter. J Fluid Mech 1971; 46: 265–271.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hubner WA, Plas EG, Stoller ML. The double-J ureteral stent: in vivo and in vitro flow studies. J urol 1992; 148(2 Pt 1): 278–280.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mosli HA, Farsi HM, al-Aimaity MF, et al. Vesicoureteral reflux in patients with double pigtail stents. J Urol 1991; 146: 966–969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ramsay JW, Payne SR, Gosling PT, et al. The effects of double J stenting on unobstructed ureters. An experimental and clinical study. Br J Urol 1985; 57: 630–634.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Brewer AV Elbahnasy AM, Bercowsky E, et al. Mechanism of ureteral stent flow: A comparative in vivo study. J Endourol 1999; 13: 269–271.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Mardis HK, Kroeger RM, Hepperlen TW, et al. Polyethylene double-pigtail ureteral stents. Urol Clin North Am 1982; 9: 95–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lennon GM, Thornhill JA, Grainger R, et al. Double pigtail ureteric stent versus percutaneous nephrostomy: Effects on stone transit and ureteric motility. Eur Urol 1997; 31: 24–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Drake WM Jr, Carroll J, Bartone F, et al. Evaluation of materials used as ureteral splints. Surg Gynec Obstet 1962; 114: 47–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Patel U, Kellett MJ. Ureteric drainage and peristalsis after stenting studied using colour Doppler ultrasound. Br J Urol 1996; 77: 530–535.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mardis HK, Kroeger RM, Morton JJ, et al. Comparative evaluation of materials used for internal ureteral stents. J Endourol 1993; 7: 105–115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Denstedt JD, Wo Hin TA, Reid G. Biomaterials used in urology: Current issues of biocompatibility, infection, and encrustation. J Endourol 1998; 12: 493–500.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Mardis HK, Kroeger RM. Ureteral stents. Materials. Urol Clin North Am 1988; 15: 471–479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cormio L, Talja M, Koivusalo A, et al. Biocompatibility of various indwelling double-J stents. J Urol 1995; 153: 494–496.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bitschay J, Brodny ML. A History of Urology in Egypt. Riverside Press, New York, NY, 1956, p. 76.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Lord JW, Eckel JH. The use of vitallium tubes in the urinary tract of dogs. J Urol 1942; 48: 412–420.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Lubash S. Experience with tantalum tubes in the reimplantation of the ureters into sigmoids in dogs and humans. J Urol 1947; 57: 1010–1027.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kemppainene E, Talja M, Riihela E, et al. Abioresorbable urethral stent. Urol Res 1993; 21: 235–238.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Brauers A, Jung PK, Thissen H, et al. Biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and degradation of surfacemodified biodegradable polymers designed for the upper urinary tract. Tech Urol 1998; 4: 214–220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Lumiaho J, Heino A, Tunninen V, et al. New bioabsorbable polylactide ureteral stent in the treatment of ureteral lesions: An experimental study. J Endourol 1999; 13:107–112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Schlick RW, Planz K. In vitro results with special plastics for biodegradable endoureteral stents. J Endourol 1998; 12: 151–155.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Pauer W, Eckerstorfer GM. Use of self-expanding permanent endoluminal stents for benign ureteral strictures: Mid-term results. J Urol 1999; 162: 319–322.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Kulkarni RP, Bellamy EA. A new thermo-expandable shape-memory nickel-titanium alloy stent for the management of ureteric strictures. BJU Int 1999; 83: 755–759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ahmed M, Bishop MC, Bates CP, et al. Metal mesh stents for ureteral obstruction caused by hormone-resistant carcinoma of the prostate. J Endourol 1999; 13: 221–224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Thyssen AM, Millward F, Mai KT. Ureteral response to the placement of metallic stents: An animal model. J Urol 1994; 151: 268–270.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Desgrandchamps F, Tuhschmid Y, Cochand-Priollet B, et al. Experimental study of Wallstent selfexpandable metal stent in ureteral implantation. J Endourol 1995; 9: 477–481.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Antimisiaris SG, Siablis D, Liatsikos E. et al. Liposome-coated metal stents: An in vitro evaluation of controlled-release modality in the ureter. J Endourol 1999; 14: 743–747.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ratner BD, Hoffman AS. Synthetic hydrogels for biomedical applications. In: Hydrogels for Medical and Related Application, (Arrade JD, ed.). American Chemical Society, Symposium Series, No. 31, Washington, DC, 1976, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Cox AJ. Effect of a hydrogel coating on the surface topography of latex-based urinary catheters: An SEM study. Biomaterials 1987; 8: 500–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Denstedt JD, Reid G, Sofer M. Advances in ureteral stent technology. World J Urol 2000; 18: 237–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Drach GW, Dretler S, Fair W, et al. Report of the United States Cooperative Study of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy. J Urol 1986; 135: 1127–1133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Lingeman JE, Coury TA, Newman DM, et al. Comparison of results and morbidity of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol 1987; 138: 485–490.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Tawfiek ER, Bagley DH. Management of upper urinary tract calculi with ureteroscopic techniques. Urology 1999; 53: 25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Grasso M, Ficazzola M. Retrograde ureteropyeloscopy for lower pole caliceal calculi. J Urol 1999; 162: 1904.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Sulaiman MN, Buchholz NP, Clark PB. The role ureteral stent placement in the prevention of Steinstrasse. J Endourol 1999; 13: 151–155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kirkali Z, Esen AA, Akan G. Place of double-J stent in an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Eur Urol 1993; 23: 460–462.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Preminger GM, Kettelhut MC, Elkins SL, et al. Ureteral stenting during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: Help or hindrance? J Urol 1989; 142: 32–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Segura JW, Preminger GM, Assimos DG, et al. Ureteral stones clinical guidelines panel summary report on the management of ureteral calculi. J Urol 1997; 158: 1915–1921.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Nakada SY, Pearle MS, Soble JJ, et al. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy of middle ureteral stones: Are ureteral stents necessary? Urology 1995; 46: 649–652.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Denstedt JD, Wollin TA, Sofer M, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing nonstented versus stented ureteroscopic lithotripsy. J Urol 2001; 165: 1419–1422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Hollenbeck BK, Schuster TG, Faerber GJ, et al. Routine placement of ureteral stents is unnecessary after ureteroscopy for urinary calculi. Urology 2001; 57: 639–643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Jones BJ, Ryan PC, Lyons O, et al. Use of the double pigtail stent in stone retrieval following unsuccessful ureteroscopy. Br J Urol 1990; 66: 254–256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Levine RJ, Hauth JC, Curet LB, et al. Trial of calcium to prevent preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 69–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Swanson SK, Heilman RI, Eversman WG. Urinary tract stones in pregnancy. Surg Clin North Am 1995; 75: 123–142.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Rodriguez PN, Klein AS. Management of urolithiasis during pregnancy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1978; 166: 604–608.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Strothers L, Lee LM. Renal colic in pregnancy. J Urol 1992; 148: 1383–1387.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Parulkar BG, Hopkins TB, Wollin MR, et al. Renal colic during pregnancy: A case for conservative treatment. J Urol 1998; 159: 365–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Denstedt JD, Razvi H. Management of urinary calculi during pregnancy. J Urol 1992; 148: 1072–1074.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kavoussi LR, Albala DM, Basler JW, et al. Percutaneous management of urolithiasis during pregnancy. J Urol 1992; 148: 1069–1071.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Scarpa RM, DeLisa A, Usai E. Diagnosis and treatment of ureteral calculi during pregnancy with rigid ureteroscopes. J Urol 1996; 155: 875–877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Ulvik NM, Bakke A, Hoisaeter PA. Ureteroscopy in pregnancy. J Urol 1995; 154: 1660–1663.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Watterson JD, Girvan AR, Beiko DT, et al. Ureteroscopy and holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy: An emerging definitive management strategy for symptomatic ureteral calculi in pregnancy. Urology 2002; 60: 383–387.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Wheatley M, Ohld DA, Sonda LP III, et al. Treatment of renal transplant stones by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in the prone position. Urology 1991; 37: 57–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Pleass HCC, Clark KM, Rigg KS, et al. Urologic complications after renal transplantation: A prospective randomized trial comparing different techniques for ureteric anastomosis and the use of prophylactic stents. Transplant Proc 1995; 27: 1091–1092.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Loughlin KL, Tilney NL, Richie JP. Urological complications in 718 renal transplant patients. Surgery 1984; 95: 297–302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Kinnaert P, Hall M, Janssen F, et al. Ureteral stenosis after kidney transplantation: True incidence and long-term follow-up after surgical correction. J Urol 1985; 133: 17–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Benoit G, Blanchet P, Eschwege P, et al. Insertion of a double pigtail ureteral stent for the prevention of urological complications in renal transplantation: A prospective randomized study. J Urol 1996; 156: 881–884.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Eschwege P, Blanchet P, Alexandre L, et al. Infectious complications after the use of double J ureteral stents. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 2833.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Pearle MS, Pierce HL, Miller GL, et al. Optimal method of urgent decompression of the collecting system for obstruction and infection due to ureteral calculi. J Urol 1998; 160: 1260–1264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Feng MI, Bellman GC, Shapiro CE. Management of ureteral obstruction secondary to pelvic malignancies. J Endourol 1999; 13: 521–524.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Andriole GL, Bettmann MA, Garnick MB, et al. Indwelling double-J ureteral stents for temporary and permanent urinary drainage: Experience with 87 patients. J Urol 1984; 131: 239–241.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Docimo SG, DeWolf WC. High failure rate of indwelling ureteral stents in patients with extrinsic obstruction: Experience at 2 institutions. J Urol 1989; 157: 277–279.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Fromer DL, Shabsigh A, Benson MC, et al. Simultaneous multiple double pigtail stents for malignant ureteral obstruction. Urology 2002; 59: 594–596.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Pauer W, Lugmayr H. Metallic wallstents: A new therapy for extrinsic ureteral obstruction. J Urol 1992; 148: 281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kulkarni R, Bellamy E. Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy Memokath 051 ureteral stent for managing long-term ureteral obstruction: 4-year experience. J Urol 2001; 166, 1750–1754.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Nakada S Y, Gerber AJ, WolfJr JS, et al. Subcutaneous urinary diversion utilizing a nephrovesical stent: A superior alternative to long-term external drainage? Urology 1995; 45: 538–541.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Minhas S, Irving HC, Lloyd SN, et al. Extra-anatomic stents in ureteric obstruction: Experience and complications. BJU Int 1999; 84: 762–764.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Webber RJ, Pandian SS, McClinton S, et al. Retrograde balloon dilatation for pelviureteric junction obstruction. J Endourol 1997; 11: 239–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Finney RP. Double-J and diversion stents. Urol Clin North Am 1982; 9: 89–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Lee CK, Smith AD. Role of stents in open ureteral surgery. J Endourol 1993; 7: 141–144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Davis DM. Intubated ureterotomy: A new operation for ureteral and ureteropelvic stricture. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1943; 76: 513.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Kumar R, Kapoor R, Mandhani A, et al. Optimum duration of splinting after endopyelotomy. J Endourol 1999; 13: 89–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Badlani GH, Smith AD. Stent for endopyelotomy. Urol Clin North Am 1988; 14: 445–448.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Pearle MS. Use of ureteral stents after endopyelotomy. J Endourol 1996; 10: 169–176.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Selvaggi FP, Battaglia M, Traficante A, et al. Obstetric and gynecological lesions of the ureter: Experience with 88 injuries. Int Urogynecol J 1991; 2: 81–84.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Sheikh FA, Kubchandani IT. Prophylactic ureteric catheters in colon surgery—how safe are they? Report of three cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1990; 33: 508–510.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Phipps JH, Tyrrell NJ. Transilluminating ureteric stents for preventing operative ureteric damage. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992; 99: 81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Steers WD, Corriere JN Jr, Benson GS, et al.: The use of indwelling ureteral stents in managing ureteral injuries due to external violence. J Trauma 1985; 25: 1001–1003.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Watterson JD, Mahoney JE, Futter NG, et al. Iatrogenic ureteric injuries: Approaches to etiology and management. Can J Surg 1998; 41: 379–382.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Presti JC Jr, Carroll PR, McAninch JW. Ureteral and renal pelvic injuries from external trauma: Diagnosis and management. J Trauma 1989; 29: 370–374.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Haas CA, Reigle MD, Selzman AA, et al. Use of ureteral stents in the management of major renal trauma with urinary extravasation: Is there a role? J Endourol 1998; 12: 545–549.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Lang EK. Diagnosis and management of ureteral fistulas by percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade stent catheter. Radiology 1981; 138: 311–317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Goldin AR. Percutaneous ureteral splinting. Urology 1977; 10: 165–168.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Chang R, Marshall FF, Mitchell S. Percutaneous management of benign ureteral strictures and fistulas. J Urol 1987; 137: 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Yu DS, Yang, TH, Ma CP. Snail-headed catheter retriever: A simple way to remove catheters from female patients. J Urol 1995; 154: 167–168.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Macaluso JN Jr, Deutsch JS, Goodman JR, et al. The use of the Magnetip double-J ureteral stent in urological practice. J Urol 1989; 142: 701–703.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Taylor WN, McDougall IT. Minimally invasive ureteral stent retrieval. J Urol 2002; 168: 2020–2023.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Lam JS, Gupta M. Tips and tricks for the management of retained ureteral stents. J Endourol 2002; 16: 733–741.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Pollard SG, MacFarlane R. Symptoms arising from double-J ureteral stents. JUrol 1998; 139: 37–38.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Bregg, K., Rieble, R.A. Jr.: Morbidity associated with indwelling internal ureteral stents after shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol 1989; 141: 510–512.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Pryor JL, Langley M J, Jenkins AD. Comparison of symptom characteristics of indwelling ureteral catheters. J Urol 1991; 145: 719–722.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Thomas R. Indwelling ureteral stents: Impact of material and shape on patient discomfort. J Endourol 1993; 7: 137–140.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. McDougall EM, Denstedt JD, Clayman RV. Comparison of patient acceptance of polyurethane vs. silicone indwelling ureteral stents. J Endourol 1990; 4: 79–91.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Dushinski JW, Lingeman JE. Prospective randomized trial to evaluate patient comfort with regards to size of indwelling stent. J Urol 1997; 157 (Suppl): 43.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Oswalt GC Jr, Bueschen AJ, Lloyd LK. Upward migration of indwelling ureteral stents. J Urol 1979; 122: 249–250.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Bagley DH, Hoffman JL. Ureteroscopic retrieval of proximally located ureteral stents. Urology 1991; 37:446–448.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Tunney MM, Jones DS, Gorman PS. Biofilm and bio film-related encrustation of urinary tract devices. Methods Enzymol 1999; 310: 558–566.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Santin M, Motta A, Denyer SP, et al. Effect of the urine conditioning film on ureteral stent encrustation and characterization of its protein composition. Biomaterials 1999; 20:1245–1251.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Wollin TA, Tieszer C, Riddell JV, et al. Bacterial biofilm formation, encrustation and antibiotic adsorption to ureteral stents indwelling in humans. J Endourol 1998; 12:101–111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Keane PF, Bonner MC, Johnston SR, et al. Characterization of biofilm and encrustation on ureteric stents in vivo. Br J Urol 1994; 73:687–691.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Tieszer C, Reid G, Denstedt JD. Conditioning film deposition on ureteral stents after implantation. J Urol 1998; 160: 876–881.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Sidhu H, Holmes RP, Allison M J, et al. Direct quantifications of the enteric bacterium Oxalobacter formingens in human fecal samples by quantitative competitive-template PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:1503–1509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Sofer M, Denstedt JD. Encrustation of biomaterials in the urinary tract. Curr Opin Urol 2000; 10: 563–659.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Lifshitz DA, Winkler HZ, Gross M, et al. Predictive value of urinary cultures in assessment of microbial colonization of ureteral stents. J Endourol 1999; 13: 735–738.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. El-Faqih SR, Shamsuddin AB, Chakrabarti A, et al. Polyurethane internal stents in treatment of stone patients: Morbidity related to indwelling times. J. Urol 1991; 146:1817–1820.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Ather MH, Talati J, Biyabani R. Physician responsibility for removal of implants: The case for a computerized program for tracking overdue double-J stents. Tech Urol 2000; 6: 189–192.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Mydlo JH, Streater S. The applicability of using straight ureteral stents for the treatment of ureteral stones in presumably non-compliant patients. Urol Int 2001; 66: 201–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Kundargi P, Bansal M, Pattnaik PK. Knotted upper end: A new complication in the use of an indwelling ureteral stent. J Urol 1994; 151: 995–996.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Flam TA, Thiounn N, Gerbaud PF, et al. Knotting of a double pigtail stent within the ureter: An initial report. J Urol 1995; 154: 1858–1859.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. El-Sheriff A. Fracture of polyurethane double pigtail stents: An in vivo retrospective and prospective fluoroscopic study. Br J Urol 1995; 76: 108–114.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Zisman A, Siegel YL, Siegmann A, et al. Spontaneous ureteral stent fragmentation. J Urol 1995; 153:718–721.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Benjamin JC, Donaldson PJ, Hill JT. Ureteric perforation after ureteroscopy. Conservative management. Urology 1987; 29: 623–624.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Toolin E, Pollack H, McLean G, et al. Ureteroarterial fistula: A case report. J Urol 1994; 132: 553.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Humana Press Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lam, J.S., Gupta, M. (2007). Ureteral Stents. In: Stoller, M.L., Meng, M.V. (eds) Urinary Stone Disease. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-972-1_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-972-1_25

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-219-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-972-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics