Skip to main content

Secreted Reporters for Monitoring Multiple Promoter Function

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Mammalian Synthetic Promoters

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1651))

Abstract

Secreted reporter proteins are reliable modalities for monitoring of different biological processes, which can be measured longitudinally in conditioned medium of cultured cells or body fluids such as blood and urine, ex vivo. In this chapter, we will explore established secreted reporters and their applications and limitations for monitoring of promoter function. We will also describe both cell-based and blood-based assays for detecting three commonly used reporters: secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP ), Gaussia luciferase (Gluc), and Vargula luciferase (Vluc).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tannous BA (2009) Gaussia luciferase reporter assay for monitoring biological processes in culture and in vivo. Nat Protoc 4:582–591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bao R, Selvakumaran M, Hamilton TC (2000) Use of a surrogate marker (human secreted alkaline phosphatase ) to monitor in vivo tumor growth and anticancer drug efficacy in ovarian cancer xenografts. Gynecol Oncol 78:373–379

    Google Scholar 

  3. Meng Y, Kasai A, Hiramatsu N, Hayakawa K, Yamauchi K, Takeda M, Kawachi H, Shimizu F, Yao J, Kitamura M (2005) Continuous, noninvasive monitoring of local microscopic inflammation using a genetically engineered cell-based biosensor. Lab Investig 85:1429–1439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Msaouel P, Dispenzieri A, Galanis E (2009) Clinical testing of engineered oncolytic measles virus strains in the treatment of cancer: an overview. Curr Opin Mol Ther 11:43–53

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Berger J, Hauber J, Hauber R, Geiger R, Cullen BR (1988) Secreted placental alkaline phosphatase : a powerful new quantitative indicator of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Gene 66:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hiramatsu N, Kasai A, Hayakawa K, Yao J, Kitamura M (2006) Real-time detection and continuous monitoring of ER stress in vitro and in vivo by ES-TRAP: evidence for systemic, transient ER stress during endotoxemia. Nucleic Acids Res 34:e93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Maelandsmo GM, Ross PJ, Pavliv M, Meulenbroek RA, Evelegh C, Muruve DA, Graham FL, Parks RJ (2005) Use of a murine secreted alkaline phosphatase as a non-immunogenic reporter gene in mice. J Gene Med 7:307–315

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cullen BR, Malim MH (1992) Secreted placental alkaline phosphatase as a eukaryotic reporter gene. Methods Enzymol 216:362–368

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bettan M, Darteil R, Scherman D (1999) Secreted human placental alkaline phosphatase as a reporter gene for in vivo gene transfer . Anal Biochem 271:187–189

    Google Scholar 

  10. Zhao L, Ackerman SL (2006) Endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol 18:444–452

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Meng Y, Kasai A, Hiramatsu N, Hayakawa K, Takeda M, Shimizu F, Kawachi H, Yao J, Kitamura M (2005) Real-time monitoring of mesangial cell-macrophage cross-talk using SEAP in vitro and ex vivo. Kidney Int 68:886–893

    Google Scholar 

  12. Brown PA, Khan AS, Draghia-Akli R (2008) Delivery of DNA into skeletal muscle in large animals. Methods Mol Biol 423:215–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hughes TS, Langer SJ, Johnson KW, Chavez RA, Watkins LR, Milligan ED, Leinwand LA (2009) Intrathecal injection of naked plasmid DNA provides long-term expression of secreted proteins. Mol Ther 17:88–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cutrera J, Dibra D, Xia X, Hasan A, Reed S, Li S (2011) Discovery of a linear peptide for improving tumor targeting of gene products and treatment of distal tumors by IL-12 gene therapy. Mol Ther 19:1468–1477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Badr CE, Tannous BA (2011) Bioluminescence imaging: progress and applications. Trends Biotechnol 29:624–633

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. de Wet JR, Wood KV, DeLuca M, Helinski DR, Subramani S (1987) Firefly luciferase gene: structure and expression in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 7:725–737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lorenz WW, McCann RO, Longiaru M, Cormier MJ (1991) Isolation and expression of a cDNA encoding Renilla reniformis luciferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:4438–4442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Tannous BA, Kim DE, Fernandez JL, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO (2005) Codon-optimized Gaussia luciferase cDNA for mammalian gene expression in culture and in vivo. Mol Ther 11:435–443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Thompson EM, Nagata S, Tsuji FI (1989) Cloning and expression of cDNA for the luciferase from the marine ostracod Vargula hilgendorfii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:6567–6571

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Maguire CA, Bovenberg MS, Crommentuijn MH, Niers JM, Kerami M, Teng J, Sena-Esteves M, Badr CE, Tannous BA (2013) Triple bioluminescence imaging for in vivo monitoring of cellular processes. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2:e99

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wurdinger T, Badr C, Pike L, de Kleine R, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Tannous BA (2008) A secreted luciferase for ex vivo monitoring of in vivo processes. Nat Methods 5:171–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Badr CE, Hewett JW, Breakefield XO, Tannous BA (2007) A highly sensitive assay for monitoring the secretory pathway and ER stress. PLoS One 2:e571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang J, Richmond AJ (2009) Monitoring NF-kappaB mediated chemokine transcription in tumorigenesis. Methods Enzymol 460:347–355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Badr CE, Niers JM, Morse D, Koelen JA, Vandertop P, Noske D, Wurdinger T, Zalloua PA, Tannous BA (2011) Suicidal gene therapy in an NF-kappaB-controlled tumor environment as monitored by a secreted blood reporter. Gene Ther 18:445–451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Griesenbach U, Vicente CC, Roberts MJ, Meng C, Soussi S, Xenariou S, Tennant P, Baker A, Baker E, Gordon C et al (2011) Secreted Gaussia luciferase as a sensitive reporter gene for in vivo and ex vivo studies of airway gene transfer . Biomaterials 32:2614–2624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Niers JM, Kerami M, Pike L, Lewandrowski G, Tannous BA (2011) Multimodal in vivo imaging and blood monitoring of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis. Mol Ther 19:1090–1096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bovenberg MS, Degeling MH, Hejazi S, Amante RJ, van Keulen M, Jeuken JW, Akbaripanahi S, Vleggeert-Lankamp CL, Tannous M, Wesseling P et al (2013) Multiplex blood reporters for simultaneous monitoring of cellular processes. Anal Chem 85:10205–10210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tannous BA, Teng J (2011) Secreted blood reporters: insights and applications. Biotechnol Adv 29:997–1003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hiramatsu N, Kasai A, Meng Y, Hayakawa K, Yao J, Kitamura M (2005) Alkaline phosphatase vs luciferase as secreted reporter molecules in vivo. Anal Biochem 339:249–256

    Google Scholar 

  30. Wang M, Orsini C, Casanova D, Millan JL, Mahfoudi A, Thuillier V (2001) MUSEAP, a novel reporter gene for the study of long-term gene expression in immunocompetent mice. Gene 279:99–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Maguire CA, Deliolanis NC, Pike L, Niers JM, Tjon-Kon-Fat LA, Sena-Esteves M, Tannous BA (2009) Gaussia luciferase variant for high-throughput functional screening applications. Anal Chem 81:7102–7106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Marquardt A, Halle S, Seckert CK, Lemmermann NA, Veres TZ, Braun A, Maus UA, Forster R, Reddehase MJ, Messerle M et al (2011) Single cell detection of latent cytomegalovirus reactivation in host tissue. J Gen Virol 92(6):1279–1291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Badr CE, Wurdinger T, Tannous BA (2010) Functional drug screening assay reveals potential Glioma therapeutics. Assay Drug Dev Technol 9(3):281–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Thompson EM, Nagata S, Tsuji FI (1990) Vargula Hilgendorfii luciferase: a secreted reporter enzyme for monitoring gene expression in mammalian cells. Gene 96:257–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Inouye S, Ohmiya Y, Toya Y, Tsuji FI (1992) Imaging of luciferase secretion from transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:9584–9587

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ura S, Ueda H, Kazami J, Kawano G, Nagamune T (2001) Single cell reporter assay using cell surface displayed Vargula luciferase. J Biosci Bioeng 92:575–579

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Nishide SY, Honma S, Nakajima Y, Ikeda M, Baba K, Ohmiya Y, Honma K (2006) New reporter system for Per1 and Bmal1 expressions revealed self-sustained circadian rhythms in peripheral tissues. Genes Cells 11:1173–1182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Badr CE, Wurdinger T, Tannous BA (2011) Functional drug screening assay reveals potential glioma therapeutics. Assay Drug Dev Technol 9:281–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bakhos A. Tannous Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Lashgari, G., Kantar, R.S., Tannous, B.A. (2017). Secreted Reporters for Monitoring Multiple Promoter Function. In: Gould, D. (eds) Mammalian Synthetic Promoters. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1651. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7223-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7223-4_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7221-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7223-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics