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IL-9 Production by Nonconventional T helper Cells

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Book cover Th9 Cells

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1585))

Abstract

IL-9 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in certain immune-mediated diseases where chronic or acute inflammation of the mucosa plays an important role. Although initially described as being produced by what was then thought to be Th2 cells, it was later described that specialized lymphocyte populations are involved in IL-9 production. In addition to the classical Th9 effector (subset of CD4+ T cells), IL-9 is also produced by nonconventional lymphocytes, namely invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The identification of IL-9-producing cells by flow cytometry and cytokine measurements are pivotal for assigning and defining functional cellular phenotypes. In this chapter we provide methods for the in vitro polarization of IL-9-producing nonconventional lymphocytes and the best conditions for the detection of IL-9 production by intracellular staining.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Marta Monteiro for her contribution to the iNKT cell work in the lab, including establishing the protocols described in this paper. Work in the host laboratory is supported by Fundação para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (PTDC/SAU-TOX/11424/2009) and FAPESP (FAPESP/19906/2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-025, Lisbon, Portugal

    Silvia C. P. Almeida & Luis Graca M.D., D.Phil

  2. Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal

    Silvia C. P. Almeida & Luis Graca M.D., D.Phil

Authors
  1. Silvia C. P. Almeida
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  2. Luis Graca M.D., D.Phil
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Correspondence to Luis Graca M.D., D.Phil .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Bio Science, Sir JC Bose Laboratory Complex, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Ritobrata Goswami

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Almeida, S.C.P., Graca, L. (2017). IL-9 Production by Nonconventional T helper Cells. In: Goswami, R. (eds) Th9 Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1585. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_8

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