Summary
Penicillium subgenus Furcatum contains species that are important in soil ecology and as contaminants of foods and feedstuffs. Taxa in this subgenus are difficult to identify and a high number of new species have been described since the monograph of Raper and Thom in 1949. We have examined all described taxa in that subgenus using morphological, physiological and chemical characters, with emphasis on profiles of secondary metabolites. A number of taxa, such as P. megasporum and P. marneffei, placed in subgenus Furcatum by one or more authors, are transferred to subgenus Biverticillium. Several species synonymised by Pitt in 1979 are reestablished on the basis of morphology and profiles of secondary metabolites. All species in subgen. Furcatum produced a high number of secondary metabolites and nearly all species produced known antibiotics or mycotoxins. The frequency of mycotoxin production in each species was high, often 100%. Some of the individual secondary metabolites produced by taxa in subgen. Furcatum, for example roquefortine C and oxaline, are also produced by taxa in subgen. Penicillium, while mycotoxins such as patulin, penicillic acid, griseofulvin and citrinin are quite widespread in all subgenera in Penicillium except subgen. Biverticillium. Proposed synonyms and secondary metabolite profiles of each species are listed.
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Frisvad, J.C., Filtenborg, O. (1990). Revision of Penicillium Subgenus Furcatum Based on Secondary Metabolites and Conventional Characters. In: Samson, R.A., Pitt, J.I. (eds) Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification. NATO ASI Series, vol 185. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3579-3_14
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