Abstract
A number of different hypotheses have been put forward to define the relationship of the Tiwanaku urban center to various areas under Tiwanaku influence in western Bolivia, Northern Chile, and Southern Peru. The nature of the city of Tiwanaku will be directly impacted by its political arena. For instance, there will be different implications with respect to urban functioning of Tiwanaku city if it is the chief amongst quasi-equals in a federation as contrasted to its being the capital city of a conquest state.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
AlbarracÃn-Jordán, J. V., 1992, Prehispanic and Early Colonial Settlement Patterns in the Lower Tiwanaku Valley, Bolivia, Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas.
AlbarracÃn-Jordán, J. V., and J. E. Mathews, 1990, Asentamientos prehispánicos del Valle de Tiwanaku, Producciones Cima, La Paz.
Berenguer R., J., 1987, Consumo nasal de alucinógenos en Tiwanaku: una aproximación iconográfica, BoletÃn del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino 2:33–53.
Berenguer R. J., and P Dauelsberg Hahmann, 1989, El norte grande en la órbita de Tiwanaku (4,000 a 1,200 d.C.), in: Culturas de Chile: Prehistoria desde sus orÃgenes hasta los albores de la Conquista (J. Hidalgo, V. Schiappacasse, H. Niemeyer, C. Aldunate, and I. Solimano, eds.), Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago, pp. 129–180.
Bermann, M., 1992, The Southern Tiwanaku margin, a view from Oruro, Paper presented at the 57th Annual Meeting, Society for American Archaeology, Pittsburgh.
Bermann, M., 1993, Jachakala: a New Archaeological Complex in the Department of Oruro, Bolivia, manuscript, Carnegie Museum, University of Pittsburgh.
Branisa, L., 1957, Un nuevo estilo de cerámica precolombina de Chuquisaca: Mojocoya tricolor, in: ArqueologÃa Boliviana (Primera Mesa Redonda) (C. Ponce Sanginés, ed.), Biblioteca Paceña, AlcaldÃa Municipal, La Paz, pp. 289–320.
Brockington, D. L., 1993, Recent Research in Central, Southern and Tropical Bolivia, Paper presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the Society of American Archaeology, St. Louis.
Brockington, D. L., and D. M. Pereira Herrera, 1989, Archaeological Investigations into the Formative Period in Cochabamba Bolivia 1984–1988, Report submitted to the National Geographic Society, Washington D. C.
Browman, D., 1981, New Light on Andean Tiwanaku, American Scientist 69, 4:408–419.
Browman, D., 1986, Prehispanic Aymara Expansion, the Southern Altiplano, and San Pedro de Atacama, Estudios Atacemeños 7:236–252.
Browman, D., n.d., Lithic Provenience Analysis and Emerging Material Complexity at Formative Period Chiripa, Bolivia, Manuscript submitted for publication review.
Byrne de Caballero, G., 1965, Cayacayani: a New Sequence in Andean Pottery, Ethnos 29, 1–2:87–96.
Byrne de Caballero, G, 1984, El Tiwanaku en Cochabamba, ArqueologÃa Boliviana 1:67–71.
D’Altroy, T. N., 1992, Provincial Power in the Inka Empire, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C.
Erickson, C. L., 1988, An Archaeological Investigation of Raised Field Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru. Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana.
Goldstein, P., 1992, Tiwanaku State Settlement of the Azapa and Moquegua Valleys: a Preliminary Comparison, Paper presented at the 57th Annual Meeting, Society for American Archaeology, Pittsburgh.
Goldstein, P., 1993, Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion: a Tiwanaku Sunken-Court Temple in Moquegua, Peru, Latin American Antiquity 4, 1:22–47.
Graffam, G., 1990, Raised Fields without Bureaucracy: an Archaeological Examination of Intensive Wetland Cultivation in the Pampa Koani Zone, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto.
Graffam, G., 1992, Beyond State Collapse: Rural History, Raised Fields, and Pastoralism in the South Andes, American Anthropologist 94, 4:882–904.
Hassig, R., 1992, War and Society in Ancient Mesoamerica, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Ibarra Grasso, D.E., and R. Querejazu Lewis, 1986, 30,000 años de prehistoria en Bolivia, Los Amigos del Libro, Cochabamba.
Isbell, W. H., 1991, Huari Administration and the Orthogonal Cellular Architectural Horizon, in: Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government (W. H. Isbell and G. F. McEwan, eds.), Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington D. C., pp. 293–315.
Janusek, J. W., 1993, Nuevos datos sobre el significado de la producción y uso de instrumentos musicales en el estado de Tiwanaku, Pumapunku n. s., 2, 4:9–47.
Knutson, J., 1974, Mojocoya Ceramics of Comarapa. Mimeographed report, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Mayor de San Simón.
Kolata, A. L., 1987, Tiwanaku and its Hinterland, Archaeology 40, 1:36–41.
Kolata, A. L., 1992, Economy, Ideology and Imperialism in the South-Central Andes, in: Ideology and Pre-Columbian Civilizations (A. Demarest and G. W. Conrad, eds.), School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series, Santa Fe, pp. 65–85.
Lechtman, H., 1988, Traditions and Styles in Central Andean Metalworking, in: The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys (R. Maddin, ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge, pp. 344–378.
Muñoz Ovalle, L, 1989, El periodo formativo en el norte grande, in: Culturas de Chile: Prehistoria desde sus orÃgenes hasta los albores de la Conquista (J. Hidalgo, V. Schiappacasse, H. Niemeyer, C. Aldunate, and I. Solimano, eds.), Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago, pp. 107–128.
Muñoz Ovalle, I., J. M. Chacama R., and G. E. Espinosa Y, 1990, El poblamiento prehispánico tardÃo en el valle de Codpa: una aproximación a la historia regional, Revista Chungara 19:7–61.
Oakland Rodman, A., 1986, Tiwanaku textile style from the South Central Andes-Bolivia and North Chile, Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Art History, University of Texas at Austin.
Oakland Rodman, A., 1990, Textiles and Ethnicity: Tiwanaku in San Pedro de Atacama, North Chile, Report to the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Orellana RodrÃguez, M., 1986, Relaciones culturales entre Tiwanaku y San Pedro de Atacama, Diálogo Andino 4:247–257.
Ortloff, C., R., and A. L. Kolata, 1993, Climate and Collapse: Agro-Ecological Perspectives on the Decline of the Tiwanaku State, Journal of Archaeological Science 20, 2:195–221.
Ponce Sanginés, C., 1991, El urbanismo de Tiwanaku, Pumapunku (n.s.) 1:7–27.
Posnansky, A., 1957, Tihuanacu: La cuna del hombre americano III y IV, Ministerio de Educación, La Paz.
Richerson, P. J., 1991, Humans as a Component of the Lake Titicaca Ecosystem: a Model System for the Study of Environmental Deterioration, Proceedings of the Cary Conference, May 1991.
Rivera DÃaz, M. A., 1991, The Prehistory of Northern Chile: a Synthesis, Journal of World Prehistory 5, 1:1–48.
Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, M., 1977, EtnÃa y sociedad: Costa peruana prehispánica, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.
Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, M., 1978, SeñorÃos indÃgenas de Lima y Canta, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.
Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, M., 1981, Recursos renovables naturales y pesca: siglos XVI y XVII, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.
Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, M., 1991, Las macroetnÃas en el ámbito andino, Allpanchis 35/36:3–28.
Sandness, K. L., 1992, Temporal and Spatial Dietary Variability in the Prehistoric Lower and Middle Osmore Drainage: the Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Evidence, Master of Arts Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
Santley, R. S., and R. T. Alexander, 1992, The Political Economy of Core-Periphery Systems, in: Resource, Power, and Interregional Interaction (E. M. Schortman and P A. Urban, eds.), Plenum Publishing Co., New York, pp. 23–49.
Santoro Vargas, C. M., 1992, Formativo en la región de valles occidentales del área centro sur andina (sur de Perú-norte de Chile), Paper presented at the Simposio Formativo en Sud-América, Cuenca, Ecuador.
Schiappacasee F., V, and H. Niemeyer Fernández, 1992, Avances y sugerencias para el conocimiento de la prehistoria tardÃa en la desembocadura del Valle de Camarones (Región de Tarapacá), Chungara 22:63–84.
Schiappacasse F. V., V. Castro R., and H. Niemeyer Fernández, 1989, Los desarrollos regionales en el Norte Grande (1000 a 1400 d.C.), in: Culturas de Chile: Prehistoria desde sus orÃgenes hasta los albores de la Conquista (J. Hidalgo, V. Schiappacasse, H. Niemeyer, C. Aldunate, and I. Solimano, eds.), Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago, pp. 181–220.
Stanish, C., 1992, Track of the Puma: Regional Settlement and State Expansion North of Lake Titicaca, Paper presented at the 57th Annual Meetings Society for American Archaeology, Pittsburgh.
Thomas Winter, C., M. A. Benaventa Aninat, and C. Massone Messano, 1986, Zoomorphic Representations of the Snuff Trays and Rock Art in the Loa Medio Region, in: Cultural Attitudes to Animals Including Birds, Fish and Invertebrates (T. Ingold and M. Maltby, eds.) 3, World Archaeological Congress, Allen & Unwin, London, pp. 3–12.
Torres, C. M., D. B. Repke, K. Chan, D. McKenna, A. Llagostera, and R. E. Schultes, 1990, Botanical, Chemical and Contextural Analysis of Archaeological Snuff Powders from San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile, Mimeographed report.
Webster, A. D., 1992, Camelids before and during the Tiwanaku Hegemony, Paper presented at the 20th Midwest Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory, Urbana.
Webster, A. D., 1993, Shifting species abundance patterns and the increased use of camelids in the Tiwanaku valley Bolivia: Formative period to Tiwanaku V. Paper presented at the 58th Annual Meeting, Society for American Archaeology, St. Louis, Mo.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Browman, D.L. (1997). Political Institutional Factors Contributing to the Integration of the Tiwanaku State. In: Manzanilla, L. (eds) Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies. Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1848-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1848-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1850-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1848-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive