Abstract
This chapter examines ethnic conflicts and their long-term consequences in Africa in general and in Nigeria in particular. At the outset, we need to outline our understanding of ethnic conflict.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Achebe, C. (1974). Girls at war and other stories. London: Heinemann.
Achebe, C., & Iroganachi, J. (1972). How the leopard got its claw Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers. Ademoyega, A. (1981). Why we struck: The story of the first Nigerian Coup. Ibadan: Evans Brothers.
Aliyu, A. Y. (1975). Intergroup conflict and integration. In E. O. Akeredolu Ale (Ed.), Social Research and National Development: Proceedings of the Conference on Social Research and National Development. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute for Social and Economic Research.
Ayoade, J. A. A. (1982). Constitutional containment of ethnicity: The Nigerian case. Paper presented at the Twelfth World Conference of the International Political Science Association, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 9–14.
Bamishaiye, A. (1976). Ethnic politics as an instrument of socio-economic development in Nigeria’s First Republic. In A. O. Sanda (Ed.), Ethnic relations in Nigeria (pp. 71–91 ). Ibadan: Caxton Press.
Barrett, L. (1979). Danjuma: The Making of a General. Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers.
Barua, P. P. (1992). Ethnic conflict in the military of developing nations: A comparative analysis of India and Nigeria. Armed Forces and Society, 19(1), 131–137.
Cohen, A. (1969). Custom and politics in Urban Africa. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Danieli, Y. (1985). The treatment and prevention of long-term effects and intergenerational transmission of victimization: A lesson from Holocaust survivors and their children. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Trauma and its wake (pp. 299–312 ). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Diamond, L. (1987). Ethnicity and ethnic conflict. Journal of Modern African Studies, 25 (1), 125.
Ekwensi, C. (1973). Coal camp boy. Lagos: Longmans.
Ekwensi, C. (1976). Survive the peace. London: Heinemann.
Ekwuru, A. (1979). Songs of steel. London: Rex Collings.
Emecheta, B. (1980). The wrestling match. Ibadan: Oxford University Press.
Ezeigbo, T. A. (1986). Fact and fiction in the literature in the Nigerian civil war. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Ibadan.
Geertz, C. (1963). The integrative revolution: Primordial sentiments and civil politics in the new states. In C. Geertz (Ed.), Old societies and new states (pp. 105–157 ). New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
Horowitz, D. L. (1985). Ethnic groups in conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Iroh, E. (1982). The siren in the night. London: Heinemann.
Kaplan, I. H., & Sadock, B. J. (1988). Synopsis of psychiatty (5th ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Kuper, L. (1971). Theories of revolution and race relations. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 13 (1), 87–107.
Magnarella, P. J. (1993). Preventing inter-ethnic conflict and promoting human rights through more effective legal and political aid structure: Focus on Africa. In GA Journal International and Comparative Law, 23, 327–345.
Mainasara, A. M. (1982). The five Majors: Why they struck. Zaria: Hudahuda.
Miller, J. (1981). The novelist as teacher. Children’s Literature, 9, 7–18.
Morrison, D. G., & Stevenson, H. M. (1972). Cultural pluralism, modernisation and conflict: An empirical analysis of the sources of political instability in African nations. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 5(1),.
Nnoli, O. (1972). The Nigeria-Biafra Conflict: A political analysis. In Joseph Okpaku (Ed.), Nigeria: Dilemma of nationhood. New York: Third Press.
Nwakanma, O. (1994). Stop these ethnic wranglings. The Vanguard, July 6, 1994, p. 13.
Nwapa, F. (1975). Never again. Enugu: Nwamife Publishers.
Obasanjo, O. (1980). My command. Ibadan: Heinemann.
Obasanjo, O. (1987). Nzeogwu. Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
Obasanjo, O. ( 1994, February 2). State of the nation: Which way forward? Keynote Address at the Arewa House Conference, Kaduna.
Odejide, A. (1985). Nigerian children’s literature: From oral to written forms. Seminar paper, Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan.
Odejide, A. (1989). Children and war in Nigerian children’s and adult literature. Seminar paper, Department of Communication and Language Arts, University of Ibadan.
Odivwri, E. (1994, April 3). A Babel of tongues at the Azikwe/Gowon Forum. The Guardian, p. A7.
Odogwu, B. (1985). No place to hide: Crisis and conflict inside Biafra. Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers. Odumegwu-Ojukwu, E. (1989). Because I am involved. Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
Okpewho, I. (1976). The last duty. London: Longman.
Olorunsola, V. (1972). The politics of cultural subnationalism in Africa. New York: Doubleday.
Otite, O. (1976). The concept of Nigeria Society. In A. O. Sands (Ed.), Ethnic relations in Nigeria (pp. 3–16 ). Ibadan: Caxton Press.
Post, K. W. J., & Vickers, M. (1973). Structure and conflict in Nigeria 1960–1966. Ibadan: Heinemann.
Sanda, A. O. (1974a). A comparative analysis of political leadership and ethnicity in Nigeria and Zaire. Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 4(1), 27–48.
Sanda, A. O. (19746). Ethnicity and intergroup conflicts: Some insights from non-elite actors in a Nigerian city. Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies, 16(3),507–518.
Sanda, A. O. (1976). Ethnic relations in Nigeria. Ibadan: Caxton Press.
Sands, A. O. (1992). National integration and national development. In A. O. Sanda, Lectures on the Sociology of Development (pp. 57–67 ). Ibadan: Fact Finders International.
Schwarz, F. A. O. (1965). Nigeria: The tribes, the nation or the race, The Politics of Independence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Skinner, E. (1968). Group dynamics and the politics of changing societies: The problem of tribal politics in Africa. In J. Helm (Ed.), Essays on the problem of tribe (pp. 170–185 ). Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Sklar, R. L. (1963). Nigerian political parties: Power in emergent African nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sklar, R. L. (1976). Ethnicity and Social Class. In A. O. Sanda (Ed.), Ethnic relations in Nigeria (pp. 146–157 ). Ibadan: Caxton Press.
Skocpol, T. (1985). Cultural idioms and political ideologies in the revolutionary reconstruction of state power: A rejoinder to Savell. Journal of Modern History, 57, 86–96.
Soyinka, W (1972). The man died: Prison notes of Wole Soyinka. London: Rex Collings.
Taylor, M. (1988). “Rationality and revolutionary collective action.” In M. Taylor (Ed.), Rationality and revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
The Webster Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language. (1969). International Edition. New York: Grolier.
Women’s Research and Documentation Centre (WORDOC). (1994). Situation analysis of the girl-child. Project commissioned by UNICEF and executed by the Women’s Research and Documentation Centre, Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan.
Uwechue, R. (1971). Reflections on the Nigerian civil war. New York: Africana.
Wolf, A. (1967). “Language, ethnic identity and social change in southern Nigeria. Anthropological Linguistics, 9(1),18–25.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Odejide, A.O., Sanda, A.O., Odejide, A.I. (1998). Intergenerational Aspects of Ethnic Conflict in Africa. In: Danieli, Y. (eds) International Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma. The Plenum Series on Stress and Coping. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5567-1_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5567-1_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3287-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5567-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive