Skip to main content

The Determinants of Alcohol Preference in Animals

  • Chapter
The Biology of Alcoholism

Abstract

If an animal drinks a solution containing ethyl alcohol when another fluid is available, it is difficult to know what this selection actually means. Facing the scientist are exceedingly complex variables: those inherent in the environmental situation as well as those associated with the animal itself. We, the human observers, recording events and watching through the mesh of the cage, can only attempt to identify the factors which are responsible for the animal’s choice of an alcohol solution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adamson, R. and Black, R., 1959. Volitional drinking and avoidance learning in the white rat, J. Comp. Physiol Psychol 52: 734–736.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, W. D. and Smith, O. A., Jr., 1963. Taste and volume preferences for alcohol in macaca Nemestrina, J. Comp. Physiol Psychol 56: 144–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arvola, A. and Forsander, O. A., 1963. Hamsters in experiments of free choice between alcohol and water, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 24: 591–597.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aschkenasy-Lelu, P., 1958. Action d’un oestrogène sur la consommation spontanée d’une boisson alcoolisée chez le rat, C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 247: 1044–1047.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aschkenasy-Lelu, P., 1962. L’action inhibitrice des oestrogènes sur la consommation élective d’alcool du rat; passe-t-elle par un relais thyroidien? Arch. Sci. Physiol. 16: 203–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, H., Ill, 1968. Prolonged measurements of discrimination between alcohol and non-drug states, J. Comp. Physiol Psychol 65: 349–352.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnycastle, D. D., Bonnycastle, M. F., and Anderson, E. G., 1962. The effect of a number of central depressant drugs upon brain 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the rat, J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 135: 17–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, R. A. and Westerfeld, W. W., 1947. The effect of B-complex vitamins on the voluntary consumption of alcohol by rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 7: 499–505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broadhurst, P. L. and Wallgren, H., 1964. Ethanol and the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response in selected strains of rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 25: 476–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey, A., 1960. The effect of stress on the consumption of alcohol and reserpine, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 21: 208–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. S., 1968. A study of the alcohol-tolerance effect and an introduction of a new behavioral technique, Psychopharmacologia 12: 433–440.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, T. J. and Myers, R. D., 1968. Selection of a single ethanol test solution in free- choice studies with animals, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 29: 446–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, T. J. and Myers, R. D., 1969. Preference-aversion functions for alcohol after cholinergic stimulation of the brain and fluid deprivation, Physiol. Behav. 4: 559–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, T. J., Myers, R. D., and Black, W. C., 1968. Increase in volitional ethanol consumption following interference with a learned avoidance response, Physiol. Behav. 3: 657–660.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. and Polish E., 1960. Avoidance conditioning and alcohol consumption in rhesus monkeys, Science 132: 223–224.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clay, M. L., 1964. Conditions affecting voluntary alcohol consumption in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 25: 36–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, H. O. J., 1968. Supersensitivity and dependence, Nature 220: 228–231.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conger, J. J., 1956. Reinforcement theory and the dynamics of alcoholism, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 17: 296–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corrodi, H., Fuxe, K., and Hokfelt, T., 1966. The effect of ethanol on the activity of central catecholamine neurones in rat brain, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 18: 821–823.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crossland, J. and Ratcliffe, F., 1968. Some effects of chronic alcohol administration in the rat, Brit. J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 32: 413 P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, V. E., Huff, J. A., and Brown, H., 1969. Alcohol and biogenic amines, in Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism (V. M. Sardesai, ed.) pp. 95–104, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, V. E., Brown, H., Huff, J. A., and Cashaw, J. L., 1967. The alteration of serotonin metabolism to 5-hydroxytryptophol by ethanol ingestion in man, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 69: 132–140.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dember, W. N. and Kristofferson, A. B., 1955. The relation between free-choice alcohol consumption and susceptibility to audiogenic seizures, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 16: 86–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dember, W. N., Ellen, P., and Kristofferson, A. B., 1953. The effects of alcohol on seizure behavior in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 14: 390–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denenberg, V. H., Pawlowski, A. A., and Zarrow, M. X., 1961. Prolonged alcohol con-sumption in the rat. I. Acquisition and extinction of a bar-pressing response, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 22: 14–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dicker, S. E., 1958. The effects of methylpentynol on ethanol drinking and on water metabolism in rats, J. Physiol. 144: 138–147.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duritz, G. and Truitt, E. B., 1966. Importance of acetaldehyde in the action of ethanol on brain norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, Biochem. Pharmacol. 15: 711–721.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eccleston, D., Reading, W. H., and Ritchie, I. M., 1969. 5-Hydroxytryptamine metabolism in brain and liver slices and the effects of ethanol, J. Neurochem. 16: 274–276.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Efron, D. H. and Gessa, G. L., 1963. Failure of ethanol and barbiturates to alter brain monoamine content, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 142: 111–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eimer, E. O. and Senter, R. J., 1968. Alcohol consumption in domestic and wild rats, Psychon. Sci. 10: 310–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K., 1968. Genetic selection for voluntary alcohol consumption in the albino rat, Science 159: 739–741.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K. and Pikkarainen, J., 1968. Differences between the sexes in voluntary alcohol consumption and liver ADH-activity in inbred strains of mice, Metabolism 1037–1042.

    Google Scholar 

  • Essig, C. F., 1968. Increased water consumption following forced drinking of alcohol in rats, Psychopharmacologia 12: 333–337.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Essig, C. F., and Lam, R. C., 1968. Convulsions and hallucinatory behavior, Arch. Neurol. 18: 626–632.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Essig, C. F., Jones, B. E., and Lam, R. C., 1969. The effect of pentobarbital on alcohol withdrawal in dogs, Arch. Neurol. 20: 554–558.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L., 1961. Production of polydipsia in normal rats by an intermittent food schedule, Science 133: 195–196.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein, A., Hoagland, H., Wong, K., and Freeman, H., 1964. Biogenic amines, biogenic aldehydes, and alcohol, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 25: 218–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitz-Gerald, F. L., Barfield, M. A., and Warrington, R. J., 1968. Voluntary alcohol consumption in chimpanzees and orangutans, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 29: 330–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsander, O. A., 1962. Metabolic tolerance to alcohol as a possible limiting factor in its consumption, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 23: 480–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freed, E. X., 1967. The effect of alcohol upon approach-avoidance conflict in the white rat, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 28: 236–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freund, G., 1969. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome in mice, Arch. Neurol. 21: 315–320.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frey, H. H., Magnussen, M. P., and Nielsen, C. K., 1970. The effect p-chloroampheta- mine on the consumption of ethanol by rats, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 183: 165–172 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, J. L., 1964. Measurement of alcohol preference in genetic experiments, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 57: 85–88.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, R. J. G., and Lucas, C. C., 1958. An unexpected factor affecting the alcohol intake of rats, Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 36: 37–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodrick, C. L., 1967. Alcohol preference of the male Sprague-Dawley albino rat as a function of age, J. Geront. 22: 369–371.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gwinn, J. F., 1967. An attempt to alter ethanol preference in rats by brain lesions, Unpublished thesis, Purdue University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggendal, J. and Lindqvist, M., 1961. Ineffectiveness of ethanol on noradrenaline, dopamine, or 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in brain, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 18: 278–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, W. D., Johnston, C. D., and Woodard, G., 1953. Methods to evaluate in rats the antipathy to alcohol produced by Antabuse and related compounds, Fed. Proc. 12: 328–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogans, A. F., Moreno, O. M., and Brodie, D. A., 1961. Effects of ethyl alcohol on EEG and avoidance behavior of chronic electrode monkeys, Am. J. Physiol. 201: 434–436.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holman, R. B., 1967. The effect of psychogenic polydipsia on volitional ethanol consumption in the rat, Unpublished thesis, Purdue University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holman, R. B. and Myers, R. D., 1968. Ethanol consumption under conditions of psychogenic polydipsia, Physiol. Behav. 3: 369–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iida, S., 1958. Experimental studies on the craving for alcohol. II. Alcoholic drive in mice following administration of hepatotoxic agents, Jap. J. Pharmacol. 8: 70–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, M. and Stellar, E., 1960. Alcohol preference in normal and anosmic rats, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 53: 571–575.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kakihana, R. and McClearn, G. E., 1963. Development of alcohol preference in BALB/c mice, Nature 199: 511–512.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kakihana, R., Butte, J. C., and Noble, E. P., 1968. Effects of goldthioglucose on alcohol consumption in C57BL mice, Life Sci. 7: 825–832.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalant, H., 1962. Some recent physiological and biochemical investigations on alcohol and alcoholism, a review, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 23: 52–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keehn, J. D., 1969. “Voluntary” consumption of alcohol by rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 30: 320–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch, O. R., Porta, E. A., and Hartroft, W. S., 1968. A new experimental approach in the study of chronic alcoholism. III. Role of alcohol versus sucrose or fat-derived calories in hepatic damage, Lab. Invest. 18: 379–386.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korman, M. and Stephens, H. D., 1960. Effects of training on the alcohol consummatory response in rats, Psychol. Rep. 6: 327–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korn, S. J., 1960. The relationship between individual differences in the responsivity of rats to stress and intake of alcohol, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 21: 605–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koz, G. and Mendelson, J. H., 1967. Effects of intraventricular ethanol infusion on free choice alcohol consumption by monkeys, in Biochemical Factors in Alcoholism ( R. P. Maikel, ed.) pp. 17–24, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeBlanc, A. E., Kalant, H., Gibbons, R. J., and Berman, N. D., 1969. Acquisition and loss of tolerance to ethanol by the rat, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 168: 244–250.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leikola, A., 1962. Influence of stress on alcohol intoxication in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 23: 369–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D., 1961. Self-maintenance of intoxication in the rat, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 22: 223–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D., 1966. Self-selection of alcohol by animals, human variation, and the etiology of alcoholism, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 27: 395–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D., 1968. Non-human primates in research on the problems of alcohol, in Use of Nonhuman Primates in Drug Evaluation ( H. Vagtborg, ed.) pp. 249–264, Univ. of Texas Press, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D. and Greenberg, L. A., 1952. Nutrition and the etiology of alcoholism. The effect of sucrose, saccharine and fat on the self-selection of ethyl alcohol by rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 13: 553–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieber, C. S., 1967. Metabolic derangement induced by alcohol, Ann. Rev. Med. 18: 35–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Máenpáá, P. H. and Forsander, O. A., 1966. Influence of iodine deficiency on free choice between alcohol and water in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 27: 596–603.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marconi, J., Poblete, M., Palestini, M., Mpya, L., and Bahamondes, A., 1969. Participación del núcleo dorsomediano del talamo en la “incapacidad de detenerse” y “abstenerse” durante la ingestion de ethanol, Arch. Biol. Med. Exp., Suppl. 3, 126–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mardones, J., 1960. Experimentally induced changes in the free selection of ethanol, in International Review of Neurobiology ( C. C. Pfeiffer and J. R. Smythies, ed.) Vol. 2, pp. 41–76, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mardones, J. and Onfray, B. E., 1942. Influencia de una substancia de la levadura (elemento del complejo vitamínico B?) sobre el consumo de alcohol en ratas en experimentos de autoselección, Rev. Chil. Hig. Med. Prev. 4: 293–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mardones, J., Segovia-Riquelme, N., and Hederra, D., 1953. Heredity of experimental alcohol preference in rats. II. Coefficient of heredity, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 14: 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mardonnes, J., Segovia-Riquelme, N., Hederra, A., and Alcanico, F., 1955. Effect of some self-selection conditions on the voluntary alcohol intake of rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 16: 425–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masserman, J. H. and Yum, K. S., 1946. An analysis of the influence of alcohol on experimental neuroses in cats, Psychosom. Med. 8: 36–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClearn, G. E. and Rodgers, D. A., 1959. Differences in alcohol preference among inbred strains of mice, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 20: 691–695.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meisch, R. and Pickens, R., 1968. Oral self-administration of ethanol by the rat, Paper presented at Psychonomic Society Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K. and Mendelson, J. H., 1964. Operant performance by rats for alcohol reinforcement; a comparison of alcohol-preferring and non-preferring animals, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 25: 226–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K. and Mendelson, J. H., 1965. Operant drinking of alcohol on a rate-contingent ratio schedule of reinforcement, J. Psyehiat. Res. 3: 145–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K. and Mendelson, J. H., 1966. Factors affecting alcohol consumption in primates, Psychosom. Med. 28. 4, 529–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K. and Mendelson, J. H., 1971. The effects of drinking to avoid shock on alcohol intake in primates, in Biological Aspects of Alcohol ( P. J. Creaven and M. K. Roach, eds.) Univ. of Texas Press, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H. and Mello, N. K., 1964. Ethanol and whisky drinking patterns in rats under free-choice and forced-choice conditions, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 25: 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H. and Mello, N. K., 1964. Potassium-stimulated respiration of rat cerebral cortex, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 25: 235–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H., Mello, N. K., Corbett, C., and Ballard, R., 1965. Puromycin inhibition of ethanol ingestion and liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the rat, J. Psyehiat. Res. 3: 133–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirone, L., 1959. Water and alcohol consumption by mice, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 20: 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mook, D. G., 1963. Oral and postingestional determinants of the intake of various solutions in rats with esophageal fistulas, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 56: 645–659.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgane, P. J., 1969. The function of the limbic and rhinic forebrain-limbic midbrain systems and reticular formation in the regulation of food and water intake, Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. 157: 806–838.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz, H. and Wapner, M., 1964. Studies on the acquisition of behavioral tolerance to alcohol, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 25: 619–626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, A. K., 1962. Alcohol choice in Wistar and G-4 rats as a function of environmental temperature and alcohol concentration, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 55: 606–609.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D., 1961a. Changes in learning, extinction, and fluid preferences as a function of chronic alcohol consumption in rats, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 54: 510–516.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D., 1961b. Effects of meprobamate on alcohol preference and on the stress of response extinction in rats, Psychol. Rep. 8: 385–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D., 1963. Alcohol consumption in rats: effects of intracranial injections of ethanol, Science 142: 240–241.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D., 1964. Modification of drinking patterns by chronic intracranial chemical infusion, in Thirst in the Regulation of Body Water ( M. Wayner, ed.) pp. 533–551, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D., 1966. Voluntary alcohol consumption in animals: peripheral and intracerebral factors, Psychosom. Med. 28: 484–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D., 1968. Ethyl alcohol consumption: valid measurement in albino rats, Science 161: 76–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D., 1969. Influencia de la tension (“stress”) sobre en preferencia de alcohol en ratas, Arch. Biol. Med. Exp., Suppl. 3: 97–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D. and Carey, R., 1961. Preference factors in experimental alcoholism, Science 134: 469–470.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D. and Cicero, T. J., 1968. Effects of tybamate on ethanol intake in rats during psychological stress in an avoidance task, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 175: 440–446.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D. and Cicero, T. J., 1969. Effects of serotonin depletion on the volitional alcohol intake of rats during a condition of psychological stress, Psychopharmacologia 15: 373–381.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D. and Holman, R. B., 1966. A procedure for eliminating position habit in preference-aversion tests for ethanol and other fluids, Psychon. Sci. 6: 235–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D. and Holman, R. B., 1967. Failure of stress of electric shock to increase ethanol intake in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 28: 132–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D. and Veale, W. L., 1968. Alcohol preference in the rat: reduction following depletion of brain serotonin, Science 160: 1469–1471.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R. D. and Veale, W. L., 1969. Alterations in volitional alcohol intake produced in rats by chronic intraventricular infusions of acetaldehyde, paraldehyde or methanol, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 180: 100–113.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, J. R. and Hsiao, S., 1967. Addiction liability of albino rats: breeding for quantitative differences in morphine drinking, Science 157: 561–563.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olson, R. E., Gursey, D., and Vester, J. W., 1960. Evidence for defect in tryptophan metabolism in chronic alcoholism, New Engl. J. Med. 263: 1169–1174.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parisella, R. M. and Pritham, G. H., 1964. Effect of age on alcohol preference by rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 25: 248–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, L. J. and Watson, J. A., 1964. Radiation-induced aversion to alcohol, Science 143: 1462–1463.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popham, R. E., 1953. A critique of the genetotrophic theory of the etiology of alcoholism, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 14: 228–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porta, E. A. and Gomez-Dumm, C. L. A., 1968. A new experimental approach in the study of chronic alcoholism. I. Effects of high alcohol intake in rats fed a commercial laboratory diet, Lab. Invest. 18: 352–364.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, B. J., Kamano, D. K., and Martin L. K., 1966. Multiple factors affecting volitional consumption of alcohol in the Abrams Wistar rat, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 27: 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prieto, R., Varela, A., and Mardones, J., 1958. Influence of oral administration of thyroid powder on the voluntary alcohol intake by rats, Acta Physiol. Latinoamer. 8: 203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pscheidt, G. R., Issekutz, B., and Himwich, H. E., 1961. Failure of ethanol to lower brain stem concentration of biogenic amines, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 22: 550–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raskin, N. H. and Sokoloff, L., 1968. Brain alcohol dehydrogenase, Science 162: 131–132.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, G. S. and van Sommers, P., 1960. Effects of ethyl alcohol on avoidance behavior, Science 132: 42–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richter, C. P., 1926. A study of the effect of moderate doses of alcohol on the growth and behavior of the rat, J. Exp. Zool. 44: 397–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, C. P., 1953. Alcohol, beer and wine as foods, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 14: 525–539.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, C. P., 1956. Loss of appetite for alcohol and alcoholic beverages produced in rats by treatment with thyroid preparations, Endocrin. 59: 472–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, C. P., 1957. Production and control of alcoholic cravings in rats, in Neuro-pharmacology ( H. A. Abramson, ed.) 39–146, Madison Printing Co. Inc., N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, C. P. and Campbell, K. H., 1940. Alcohol taste thresholds and concentration of solutions preferred by rats, Science 91: 507–508.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rick, J. T. and Wilson, C. W. M., 1966. Alcohol preference in the rat: its relationship to total fluid consumption, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 27: 447–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, D. A., 1967. Alcohol preference in mice, Comp. Psychopath. 184–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, D. A. and McClearn, G. E., 1962. Mouse strain differences in preference for various concentrations of alcohol, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 23: 26–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, D. A. and McClearn, G. E., 1964. Sucrose versus appetite in inbred strains of mice, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 25: 26–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, D. A. and Thiessen, D. D., 1964. Effects of population density on adrenal size, behavioral arousal and alcohol preference of inbred mice, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 25: 240–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, D. A., McClearn, G. E., Bennett, E. L., and Hebert, M., 1963. Alcohol preference as a function of its caloric utility in mice, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 56: 666–672.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, B. and Zarrow, M. X., 1952. Alcoholic drive in rats treated with propyl thiouracil, Fed. Proc. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sardesai, V. M. and Orten, J. M., 1968. Effect of prolonged alcohol consumption in rats on pancreatic protein synthesis, J. Nutr. 96: 241–246.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, K., 1966. Genetic and biochemical correlates of alcohol preference in mice, Am. J. Psychiat. 122: 767–773.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schildkraut, J. J. and Kety, S. S., 1967. Biogenic amines and emotion, Science 156: 21–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schuster, C. R. and Thompson, T., 1969. Self administration of and behavioral dependence on drugs, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 9: 483–502.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Segovia-Riquelme, N., Hederra, A., Anex, M., Barnier, D., Figuerola-Camps, I., Campos- Hoppe, I., Jara, N., and Mardones, J., 1969. Factores nutrimentales y geneticos que influyen sobre la apetencia de alcohol, Arch. Biol. Med. Exp., Suppl. 3, 89–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senter, R. J. and Persensky, J. J., 1968. Effects of environment on ethanol consumption in rats after conditioning, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 29: 856–862.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senter, R. J. and Sinclair, J. D., 1967. Self-maintenance of intoxication in the rat: A modified replication, Psychon. Sci. 9: 291–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senter, R. J. and Sinclair, J. D., 1968. Thiamin-induced alcohol consumption in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 29: 337–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senter, R. J. and Richman, C. L., 1969. Induced consumption of high concentration ethanol solution in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 30: 330–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senter, R. J., Smith, F. W., and Lewin, S., 1967. Ethanol ingestion as an operant response, Psychon. Sci. 8: 291–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J. D. and Senter, R. J., 1968. Development of an alcohol-deprivation effect in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 29: 863–867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirnes, T. B., 1953. Voluntary consumption of alcohol in rats with cirrhosis of the liver, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 14: 3–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smart, R. G., 1965. Effects of alcohol on conflict and avoidance behavior, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 26: 187–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiessen, D. D. and Rodgers, D. A., 1965. Alcohol injection, grouping, and voluntary alcohol consumption of inbred strains of mice, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 26: 378–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiessen, D. D., Whitworth, N., and Rodgers, D. A., 1965. Reproductive functions and metabolic capacity as determinants of alcohol preference in C57BL female mice, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 63: 151–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiessen, D. D., Whitworth, N. S., and Rodgers, D. A., 1967. Reproductive variables and alcohol consumption of the C57BL/Crgl female mouse, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 27: 591–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tintera, J. W. and Lovell, H. W., 1949. Endocrine treatment of alcoholism, Geriatrics 4: 274–280.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tobach, E., 1957. Individual differences in behavior and alcohol consumption in the rat, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 18: 19–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyce, G. M., Flock, E. V., and Owen, C. A., 1968. 5-Hydroxytryptamine metabolism in brains of ethanol-intoxicated rats, Mayo Clin. Proc., 43: 668–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veale, W. L. and Myers, R. D., 1968. Tables for determining grams and caloric values of ethanol solutions, Purdue Neuropsychology Series: Report No. 1: 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veale, W. L. and Myers, R. D., 1969. Increased alcohol preference in rats following repeated exposures to alcohol, Psychopharmacologia 15: 361–372.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veale, W. L. and Myers, R. D., 1970. Decrease in ethanol intake in rats following administration of p-chlorophenyl alanine, Int. J. Neuropharmacol. 9: 317–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Wartburg, J. P. and Papenberg, J., 1966. Alcohol dehydrogenase in ethanol metabolism, Psychosomat. Med. 28: 405–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallgren, H., 1959. Sex difference in ethanol tolerance of rats, Nature 184: 726–727.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallgren, H. and Savolainen, S., 1962. The effect of ethyl alcohol on a conditioned avoidance response in rats, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 19: 59–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallgren, H., Ahlqvist, J., Ahman, K., and Suomalainen, H., 1967. Repeated alcoholic intoxication compared with continued consumption of dilute ethanol in experiments with rats on a marginal diet, Brit. J. Nutr. 21: 643–660.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, M., 1958. Alcohol as a depressant in psychological conflict in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 19: 226–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westerfeld, W. W. and Lawrow, J., 1953. The effect of caloric restriction and thiamin deficiency on the voluntary consumption of alcohol by rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 14: 378–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westerfeld, W. W. and Schulman, M. P., 1959. Some biochemical aspects of the alcohol problem, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 20: 439–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. J., 1952. Alcoholism as a nutritional problem, J. Clin. Nutr. 1: 32–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. J., 1959. Alcoholism—the Nutritional Approach, Univ. Texas Press, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. J., Berry, L. J., and Beerstecher, E., Jr., 1949. Biochemical individuality. III. Genetotrophic factors in the etiology of alcoholism, Arch. Biochem. 23: 275–290.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. J., Berry, L. J., and Beerstecher, E., Jr., 1950. Genetotrophic diseases, alcoholism, Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 8: 238–256.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zarrow, M. X., Aduss, H., and Denison, M. E., 1960. Failure of the endocrine system to influence alcohol choice in rats, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 21: 400–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarrow, M. X., Pawlowski, A. A., and Denenberg, V. H., 1962. Electroshock convulsion threshold and organ weights in rats after alcohol consumption, Am. J. Physiol. 203: 197–200.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Myers, R.D., Veale, W.L. (1972). The Determinants of Alcohol Preference in Animals. In: Kissin, B., Begleiter, H. (eds) The Biology of Alcoholism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0895-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0895-9_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-0897-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-0895-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics