Abstract
Mild ischemic insults may limit damage from subsequent ischemic insults in heart and brain (Murry et al., 1986; Kato et al., 1992; Li et al., 1992; Liu et al., 1992; Walker et al., 1993). This phenomenon was defined as ischemie preconditioning (IPC). In brain, for example, 3 min of sublethal ischemia followed by 3 days of reperfusion protected against hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage after 8 min of ischemia (Liu et al., 1992). Preconditioning also improved evoked potential recovery in hippocampal slices (Schurr et al., 1986; Schurr and Rigor, 1987). Studies reported here seek to further characterize IPC in intact brain and to derive insights into its mechanism through studies in hippocampal slices. The rationale for these studies is derived from the belief that understanding the mechanisms of IPC could offer unique insights into basic mechanisms of ischemie injury and into potential therapies to ameliorate the consequences of anoxia or ischemia.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alkhulaifi A. M., Pugsley W. B. and Yellon D. M. (1993) The influence of the time period between preconditioning ischemia and prolonged ischemia on myocardial protection. Cardioscience 4(3): 163–169.
Dietrich W. D., Busto R., Alonso O., Globus M. Y. and Ginsberg M. D. (1993) Intraischemic but not postischemic brain hypothermia protects chronically following global forebrain ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13(4): 541–549.
Fitzgibbons J. C., Shah A. R., Park T. S. and Gidday J. M. (1994) Caffeine blocks the cerebroprotective actions of preconditioning in the hypoxic-ischemic neonate. Soc. Neurosci. Abs 20(1): 618.
Gidday J. M., Fitzgibbons J. C., Maceren R. G., Shah A. R., Shah N. R. and Park T. S. (1995) Inhibition of adenosine deaminase with deoxycoformycin (DCF) potentiates preconditioning cerebroprotection in a perinatal rat model of ischemic tolerance. Soc. Neurosci. Abs. 21(1): 513.
Gruver E. J., Toupin D., Smith T. W. and Marsh J. D. (1994) Acadesine improves tolerance to ischemic injury in rat cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 26(9): 1187–1195.
Gutierrez-Juarez R., Castrejon-Sosa M., Martinez-Valdez H., Blancas-Torres P. G., Pina E. and Madrid-Marina V. (1992) Activating effect of adenosine on rat erythrocyte glycolysis. Int J Biochem 24(3): 433–436.
Hansen A. J. (1985) Effect of anoxia on ion distribution in the brain. Physiol Rev 65(1): 101–148.
Heurteaux C., Lauritzen I., Widmann C. and Lazdunski M. (1995) Essential role of adenosine, adenosine Al receptors, and ATP-sensitive K+ channels in cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(10): 4666–4670.
Kato H., Araki T., Murase K. and Kogure K. (1992) Induction of tolerance to ischemia: alterations in second-messenger systems in the gerbil hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 29(5): 559–565.
Kato H., Kogure K., Araki T. and Itoyama Y. (1995) Induction of Jun-like immunoreactivity in astrocytes in gerbil hippocampus with ischemic tolerance. Neurosei Lett 189(1): 13–16.
Kato H., Liu Y., Araki T. and Kogure K. (1991) Temporal profile of the effects of pretreatment with brief cerebral ischemia on the neuronal damage following secondary ischemie insult in the gerbil: cumulative damage and protective effects. Brain Res 553(2): 238–242.
Kato H., Liu Y, Kogure K. and Kato K. (1994) Induction of 27-kDa heat shock protein following cerebral ischemia in a rat model of ischemie tolerance. Brain Res 634(2): 235–244.
Kitagawa K., Matsumoto M., Tagaya M., Hata R., Ueda H., Niinobe M., Handa N., Fukunaga R., Kimura K., Mikoshiba K. and et a. (1990) ‘Ischemie tolerance’ phenomenon found in the brain. Brain Res 528(1): 21–24.
Li Y. W., Whittaker P. and Kloner R. A. (1992) The transient nature of the effect of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial infarct size and ventricular arrhythmia. Am Heart J 123(2): 346–353.
Lin B., Dietrich W. D., Ginsberg M. D., Globus M. Y. and Busto R. (1993) MK-801 (dizocilpine) protects the brain from repeated normothermic global ischemic insults in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13(6): 925–932.
Lin B., Globus M. Y, Dietrich W. D., Busto R., Martinez E. and Ginsberg M. D. (1992) Differing neurochemical and morphological sequelae of global ischemia: comparison of single-and multiple-insult paradigms. J Neurochem 59(6): 2213–2223.
Liu G. S., Thornton J., Van Winkle D. M., Stanley A. W., Olsson R. A. and Downey J. M. (1991) Protection against infarction afforded by preconditioning is mediated by Al adenosine receptors in rabbit heart. Circulation 84(1): 350–356.
Liu Y., Kato H., Nakata N. and Kogure K. (1993) Temporal profile of heat shock protein 70 synthesis in ischemic tolerance induced by preconditioning ischemia in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 56(4): 921–927.
Liu Y, Kato H., Nakata N. and Kogure K. (1993) Correlation between induction of ischemic tolerance and expression of heat shock protein-70 in the rat hippocampus. No To Shinkei 45(2): 157–162.
Liu Y., Kato H., Nakata N. and Kogure K. (1992) Protection of rat hippocampus against ischemie neuronal damage by pretreatment with sublethal ischemia. Brain Res 586(1): 121–124.
Magistretti P. J., Hof P. R. and Martin J. L. (1986) Adenosine stimulates glycogenolysis in mouse cerebral cortex: a possible coupling mechanism between neuronal activity and energy metabolism. J Neurosei 6(9): 2558–2562.
Murry C. E., Jennings R. B. and Reimer K. A. (1986) Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 74(5): 1124–1136.
Pérez-Pinzón M. A., Mumford P. L., Rosenthal M. and Sick T. J. (1996) Anoxic preconditioning in hippocampal slices: role of adenosine. Neuroscience: 75(3):687–694.
Pérez-Pinzön M. A., Xu G. P., Dietrich W. D., Rosenthal M. and Sick T. J. (1996) Rapid preconditioning protects rats against ischemic neuronal damage after 3 but not 7 days of reperfusion following global cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab: In press.
Schurr A., Reid K. H., Tseng M. T., West C. and Rigor B. M. (1986) Adaptation of adult brain tissue to anoxia and hypoxia in vitro. Brain Res 374(2): 244–248.
Schurr A. and Rigor B. M. (1987) The mechanism of neuronal resistance and adaptation to hypoxia. Febs Lett 224(1): 4–8.
Tsuchida A., Liu G. S., Mullane K. and Downey J. M. (1993) Acadesine lowers temporal threshold for the myocardial infarct size limiting effect of preconditioning. Cardiovasc Res 27(1): 116–120.
Tsuchida A., Yang X. M., Burckhartt B., Mullane K. M., Cohen M. V. and Downey J. M. (1994) Acadesine extends the window of protection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning. Cardiovasc Res 28(3): 379–383.
Walker D. M., Walker J. M. and Yellon D. M. (1993) Global myocardial ischemia protects the myocardium from subsequent regional ischemia. Cardioscience 4(4): 263–266.
Whittingham T. S., Warman E., Assaf H., Sick T. J. and LaManna J. C. (1989) Manipulating the intracellular environment of hippocampal slices: pH and high-energy phosphates. J Neurosei Methods 28(1-2): 83–91.
Wyatt D. A., Edmunds M. C., Rubio R., Berne R. M., Lasley R. D. and Mentzer R., Jr. (1989) Adenosine stimulates glycolytic flux in isolated perfused rat hearts by Al-adenosine receptors. Am J Physiol 257(6 Pt 2): H1952–1957.
Yao Z. and Gross G. J. (1994) A comparison of adenosine-induced cardioprotection and ischemic preconditioning in dogs. Efficacy, time course, and role of KATP channels. Circulation 89(3): 1229–1236.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pérez-Pinzón, M.A., Xu, GP., Mumford, P.L., Dietrich, W.D., Rosenthal, M., Sick, T.J. (1997). Rapid Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Rats From Cerebral Anoxia/Ischemia. In: Harrison, D.K., Delpy, D.T. (eds) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIX. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 428. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5399-1_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5399-1_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7465-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5399-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive