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The Origin of the Mineral Skeleton in Chordates

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Evolutionary Biology

Part of the book series: Evolutionary Biology ((EBIO,volume 31))

Abstract

Most of the evolution of the vertebrate mineralized dermal skeleton, which has resulted in its present complexity, is traceable within the crossopterygian—tetrapod lineage. In acanthodianlike ancestors of these higher vertebrates the dermal skeleton was restricted to scales, locally coalescing into dermal plates or modified into oral teeth. The basic unit of such primitive vertebrate skeleton is the odontode, a denticle forming at the tip of an ectomesenchymal dental papilla under its ectodermal epithelium (recently reviewed by Smith and Hall, 1993; Smith, 1995). In most fishes and extinct armored agnathans the external layer of mineralized dermal tissue is enameloid, developing as a result of mineralization of a matrix produced by both ectodermal and ectomesenchymal cells of the dental papilla, or histogenetically similar complex tissue. Below this layer, purely ectomesenchymal in origin derivatives of dentine develop. However, in the most primitive actinopterygian fishes, ganoine, an enamel homolog (Sire et al., 1987) develops, instead of enameloid. Odontodes composed of acellular bone (aspidin) and capped with enamel characterize the Ordovician agnathan Eriptychius (Smith and Hall,1990; M. P. Smith et al., 1995; M. M. Smith et al.,1996).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Paleobiology PAN, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland

    Jerzy Dzik

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  1. Jerzy Dzik
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  1. Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA

    Max K. Hecht

  2. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Ross J. Macintyre

  3. University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA

    Michael T. Clegg

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Dzik, J. (2000). The Origin of the Mineral Skeleton in Chordates. In: Hecht, M.K., Macintyre, R.J., Clegg, M.T. (eds) Evolutionary Biology. Evolutionary Biology, vol 31. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4185-1_3

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