Summary
Experiments involving 132 weaned piglets were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (PILK) derived from the T cells of Salmonella enteritidis (SE)-immunized pigs to protect weaned piglets from Salmonella choleraesuis (SC) infection. Fourteen-to-seventeen day-old piglets were weaned and randomly placed into 1 of 5 groups: (1) noninfected controls, (2) PILK 3X nonin-fected, (3) SC infected controls, (4) PILK IX SC infected, and (5) PILK 3X SC infected. PILK was given orally either one time (PILK IX) or three times (PILK 3X) over 14 days. One hour after the first PILK administration on day 0, piglets were orally challenged with 107cfu of SC. Weights were recorded on day 0, day 7, and day 14. On day 14, pigs in groups 3,4, and 5 were sacrificed and organs and lymph tissue were cultured for the presence of SC. Three replicates of this experiment were pooled and analyzed. A significant reduction in the number of pigs positive for SC in the liver, lung, and spleen was found in group 5 (PILK 3X) when compared to group 3 (inf. cont. [p < 0.001]). The number of SC positive cecal contents was dramatically reduced in group 5 group when compared to group 3, with the PILK 3X group showing 13% positive pigs versus 55.2% in the infected controls (p < 0.05). Weight gain over the 14 day study in the infected PILK 3X group (group 5) was found to be comparable to the gain observed in the group 1 (noninfected controls). The pigs receiving PILK 3X (group 2) with no SC challenge gained significantly more weight than all other groups, including the noninfected controls (group 1 [p < 0.05]). The results of these experiments indicate that PILK protects against SC infection in weaned pigs while enhancing performance in the presence of an SC infection.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abughali N., Berger M., and Tosi M.F, 1994, Deficient total cell content of CR3 (CD11b) in neonatal neutrophils. Blood. 83:1086–1092.
Andrews W.H., Poelma P.L., Wilson C.R., et al., 1978, Isolation and identification of Salmonella. In: Bacteriological Analytical Manual. 5th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C.
Aurich J.E., Dobrinski I., Happen H.O., et al., 1990, ε-endorphin and met-enkephalin in plasma of cattle during pregnancy, parturition, and the neonatal period. J Reprod Fert. 89:605–612.
Bianchi A.T.J., Zwart R.J., Jeurissen S.H.M., et al., 1992, Development of the B-and T-cell compartments in porcine lymphoid organs from birth to adult life: an immunohistological approach. Vet Immun Immunopath. 33:201–222.
Blecha F, Pollman S., and Nichols, D.A., 1985, Immunologic reactions of pigs regrouped at or near weaning. Am J Vet Res. 46:1934–1937.
Blecha F., Pollmann D.S., and Nichols D.A., 1983, Weaning pigs at an early age decreases cellular immunity. J Anim Sci. 56:396–400.
Carter G.K. and Martens R.J., 1986, Septicemia in the neonatal foal. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet. 8:S256–S270.
Coignal F.L., Bertram T.A., Roth J.A., et al., 1984, Functional and ultrastructural evaluations of neutrophils from foals and lactating and nonlactating mares. Am J Vet Res. 45:898–901.
Drieson S.J., Carland P.J., and Fahy V.A., 1993, Studies on preweaning diarrhea. Aust Vet J. 70:259–262.
El-Awar F.Y. and Hahn E.C., 1991, Sources of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity deficiency in young pig leukocytes. J Leuk Biol. 49:227–235.
Genovese K.J., Moyes R.B., Wells L.L., et al., 1998, Resistance to Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion in day-old turkeys and chickens by transformed t cell line produced lymphokines. Avian Dis. (in press).
Genovese K.J., Lowry V.K., Stanker L.H., et al., 1998, Administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines to day-old turkeys by subcutaneous, oral, and nasal routes: a comparison of effects on Salmonella enteritidis liver invasion, peripheral blood heterophilia, and heterophil activation. Avian Path, (in press).
Gray J.T., Fedorka-Cray P.J., Stabel T.J., et al., 1995, Influence of inoculation route on the carrier state of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine. Vet Microbiol. 47:43–59.
Hauser M.A., Koob M.D., and Roth J.A., 1986, Variation of neutrophil function with age in calves. Am J Vet Res. 47:152–153.
Higuchi H., Nagahata H., Hiroki M., and Noda H., 1997, Relationship between age-dependent changes of bovine neutrophil functions and their intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. J Vet Med Sci. 59: 271–276.
Hill H.R., 1987, Biochemical, structural and functional abnormalities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the neonate. Pediatrie Research. 22:375–382.
Hoskinson C.D., Chew B.P., Wong T.S., 1990, Age-related changes in mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and polymorphonuclear neutrophil function in the piglet. J Anim Sci. 68:2471–2478.
Kline K. and Sanders B.G., 1980, Developmental profile of chicken splenic lymphocyte responsiveness to con A and PHA and studies on chicken splenic and bone marrow cells capable of inhibiting mitogen stimulated blastogenic responses of adult splenic lymphocytes. J Immunology. 125:1992–1997.
Kogut M.H., Tellez G.I., McGruder E.D., et al., 1996, Evaluation of Salmonella-enteritidis-immune lymphokines on host resistance to Salmonella enterica ser. gallinarum infection in broiler chicks. Avian Path. 25:737–749.
Kogut M.H., McGruder E.D., Hargis B.M., et al., 1994, Dynamics of the avian inflammatory response to Salmonella enteritidis immune lymphokines: changes in avian blood leukocytes populations. Inflammation. 18:373–388.
Kogut M.H., McGruder E.D., Hargis B.M., et al., 1995, In vivo activation of heterophil function in chickens following injection with Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines. J Leuk Biol. 57:56–62.
Lecce J.G., Armstrong W.D., Crawford P.C., et al., 1979, Nutrition and management of early weaned piglets. I. liquid vs. dry feeding. J Anim Sci. 48:1007.
Lee C.-C. and Roth J.A., 1992, Differences in neutrophil function in young and mature cattle and their response to IFN γ. Comp Haem Intern. 2:140–147.
Lee E.-K. and Kehrli M.E., 1998, Expression of adhesion molecules on neutrophils of periparturient cows and neonatal calves. Am J Vet Res. 59:37–43.
Lehtonin L., Vanio O., and Toivanen P., 1989, Ontogeny of alloreactivity in the chicken as measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction. Dev Comp Immun. 13:187–195.
Lowenthal J.W., Connick T.E., McWaters P.G., et al., 1994, Development of t cell immune responsiveness in the chicken. Immun Cell Biol. 72:115–122.
Lowry V.K., Genovese K.J., Bowden L.L., et al., 1997, Ontogeny of the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of turkey heterophils and their potentiation by Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines. FEMS Immun Micro. 19:95–100.
McCauley I. and Hartmann P.E., 1984, Changes in piglet leucocytes, B lymphocytes, and plasma cortisol from birth to three weeks after weaning. Res Vet Sci. 37:234–241.
McGruder E.D., Ray P.M., Tellez G.I., et al., 1993, Salmonella enteritidis immune leukocyte-stimulated soluble factors: effects on increased resistance to Salmonella organ invasion in day-old leghorn chicks. Poult Sci. 72:2264–2271.
McGruder E.D., Kogut M.H., Genovese K.J., et al., 1998, Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine prevents colibacillosis in an induced Escherichia coli infection model in broiler chicks. Res Vet Sci. (submitted).
Miller M.E., 1979, Phagocyte function in the neonate: selected aspects. Pediatrics, (suppl.) 709–712.
Rosenthal J. and Cairo M.S., 1995, Use of cytokines in combination with antibiotics in neonatal sepsis: a review of the role of adjunctive therapy in the management of neonatal sepsis. Intern J Ped Hem/One. 2:477–487.
Selim S.A., Cullor J.S., Smith B.P., et al, 1995, The effect of Eschericia coli J5 and modified live Salmonella dublin vaccines in artificially reared neonatal calves, Vaccine. 13:381–390.
Shi J., Goodband R.D., Chengappa M.M., et al., 1994, Influence of interleuken-1 on neutrophil function and resistance to Streptococcus suis in neonatal pigs, J Leuk Biol. 56:88–94.
Tellez G.I., Kogut M.H., and Hargis B.M., 1993, Immunoprophylaxis of Salmonella enteritidis infection by lymphokines in leghorn chicks. Avian Dis. 37:1062–1070.
Wells L.L., Lowry V.K., DeLoach J.R., et al., 1998, Age-dependent phagocytosis and bactericidal activities of the chicken heterophil. Dev Comp Immun. 22:103–109.
Wells L.L., Lowry V.K., Genovese K.J., et al., 1998, Enhancement of phagocytosis and bacterial killing by heterophils from neonatal chicks after administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines. Vet Microbiol. (in press).
Wilcock B.P. and Schwartz K.J., 1992, Salmonellosis. In: Leman A.D., Straw B.E., Mengeling W.L., D’Allaire S., and Taylor DJ., eds. Diseases of Swine. 7th ed. Ames, I A: Iowa State University Press, 570–583.
Ziprin R.L., Corner D.E., and Ellissalde M.H., 1989, Maturation of resistance to salmonellosis in newly hatched chicks: inhibition by cyclosporin. Poult. Sci. 68:1637–1642.
Ziprin R.L., Kogut M.H., McGruder E.D., et al., 1996, Efficacy of Salmonella enteritidis (SE)-immune lymphokines from chickens and turkeys on SE liver invasion in one-day-old chicks and turkey poults. Avian Dis. 40:186–192.
Zwahlen R.D., Wyder-Walther M., and Roth D.R., 1992, Fcreceptor expression, concanavalin A capping, and enzyme content of bovine neonatal neutrophils: a comparative study wth adult cattle. J Leuk Biol. 51:264–269.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Genovese, K.J. et al. (1999). Prophylactic Administration of Immune Lymphokine Derived From T Cells of Salmonella Enteritidis-Immune Pigs. In: Paul, P.S., Francis, D.H. (eds) Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases 2. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 473. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4143-1_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4143-1_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6858-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4143-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive