Abstract
Fractal characteristics (self-similar, scale invariant fluctuations) have been found in many physiological time series including the firing of single neurons (10), the opening and closing of ion channels (10), and in heart rate (6) and blood pressure variability (7). A simple method of characterizing fractal fluctuations in a time series is by estimation of the spectral exponent or β from the power spectrum; βis the negative slope of a linear regression of the power spectrum plotted in a log-power, log-frequency plane. White noise has a value of β=o (same spectral power at all frequencies) whereas fractal “noise” (also referred to as coloured or nonharmonic noise) has values of β>o (see Figure 1). Power spectra with β>o are also called inverse power law spectra as spectral power is inversely proportional to frequency.
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Tuck, S.A., Yamamoto, Y., Hughson, R.L. (1995). The Effects of Hypoxia and Hyperoxia on the 1/F Nature of Breath-by-Breath Ventilatory Variability. In: Semple, S.J.G., Adams, L., Whipp, B.J. (eds) Modeling and Control of Ventilation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 393. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1933-1_56
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