Abstract
Infection with viruses and bacteria generally results in robust induction of the innate immune response followed by the generation of an antigen-specific adaptive immune response comprised of CD4 and CD8 T cells and B cells. Thus, there are multiple cellular players in the induction of the response and although our knowledge has increased dramatically in recent years, there is much to learn regarding the complex interplay of the various cell types necessary in mounting a productive, and potentially protective, immune response. Long-term protection following infection or vaccination is mediated by memory T and B cells, as well as by circulating neutralizing antibody. The molecular and cellular requirements for generation and maintenance of immunological memory are largely unknown, although recent studies have begun to yield some intriguing clues in this area.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
E. C. Butcher, M. Williams, K. Youngman, L. Rott, and M. Briskin, Lymphocyte trafficking and regional immunity, Adv. Immunol. 72,209–253 (1999).
K. Murali-Krishna, J. D. Altman, M. Suresh, D. J. Sourdive, A. J. Zajac, J. D. Miller, J. Slansky, and R. Ahmed, Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: a reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection, Immunity 8,177–187 (1998).
E. A. Butz and M. J. Bevan, Massive expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during an acute virus infection, Immunity 8,167–175 (1998).
S. K. Kim, K. S. Schluns, and L. Lefrançois, Induction and visualization of mucosal memory CD8 T cells following systemic virus infection, J. Immunol. 163,4125–4132 (1999).
D. Masopust, V. Vezys, A. L. Marzo, and L. Lefrançois, Preferential localization of effector memory cells in nonlymphoid tissue, Science 291,2413–2417 (2001).
R. L. Reinhardt, A. Khoruts, R. Merica, T. Zell, and M. K. Jenkins, Visualizing the generation of memory CD4 T cells in the whole body, Nature 410,101–105 (2001).
R. Ishimitsu, H. Nishimura, T. Yajima, T. Watase, H. Kawauchi, and Y. Yoshikai, Overexpression of IL-15 in vivo enhances Tc I response, which inhibits allergic inflammation in a murine model of asthma, J. Immunol. 166,1991–2001 (2001).
L. Lefrançois, S. Olson, and D. Masopust, A critical role for CD40–CD40ligand interactions in amplification of the mucosal CD8 T cell response, J. Exp. Med. 190,1275–1284 (1999).
C. Zimmermann, K. Brduscha-Riem, C. Blaser, R. M. Zinkemagel, and H. Pircher, Visualization, characterization, and turnover of CD8+ memory T cells in virus-infected hosts., J. Exp. Med. 183,1367–1375 (1996).
P. C. Doherty, D. J. Topham, and R. A. Tripp, Establishment and persistence of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory., Immunol. Rev. 150:23–44,23–44 (1996).
R. Ahmed and D. Gray, Immunological memory and protective immunity: understanding their relation., Science 272,54–60 (1996).
M. Lenardo, K. M. Chan, F. Hornung, H. McFarland, R. Siegel, J. Wang, and L. Zheng, Mature T lymphocyte apoptosis--immune regulation in a dynamic and unpredictable antigenic environment, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17,221–253 (1999).
J. Sprent and C. D. Surh, Generation and maintenance of memory T cells, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13,248–254 (2001).
K. J. Flynn, J. M. Riberdy, J. P. Christensen, J. D. Altman, and P. C. Doherty, In vivo proliferation of naive and memory influenza-specific CD8(+) T cells., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96,8597–8602 (1999).
R. W. Dutton, L. M. Bradley, and S. L. Swain, T cell memory., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16,201–223 (1998).
J. T. Opferman, B. T. Ober, and P. G. Ashton-Rickardt, Linear differentiation of cytotoxic effectors into memory T lymphocytes, Science 283,1745–1748 (1999).
S. M. Kaech and R. Ahmed, Memory CD8+ T cell differentiation: initial antigen encounter triggers a developmental program in naive cells, Nat. Immunol 2,415–422 (2001).
S. Ehl, P. Klenerman, P. Aichele, H. Hengartner, and R. M. Zinkemagel, A functional and kinetic comparison of antiviral effector and memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations in vivo and in vitro, Eur. J. Immunol 27,3404–3413 (1997).
M. J. Van Stipdonk, E. E. Lemmens, and S. P. Schoenberger, Naive CTLs require a single brief period of antigenic stimulation for clonal expansion and differentiation, Nat. Immunol 2,423–429 (2001).
N. Manjunath, P. Shankar, J. Wan, W. Weninger, M. A. Crowley, K. Hieshima, T. A. Springer, X. Fan, H. Shen, J. Lieberman, and U. H. von Andrian, Effector differentiation is not prerequisite for generation of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes, J. Clin. Invest 108,871–878 (2001).
J. Sprent and D. F. Tough, T cell death and memory, Science 293,245–248 (2001).
D. Masopust, J. Jiang, H. Shen, and L. Lefrançois, Direct analysis of the dynamics of the intestinal mucosa CD8 T cell response to systemic virus infection, J. Immunol. 166,2348–2356 (2001).
D. H. Busch, I. M. Pilip, S. Vijh, and E. G. Pamer, Coordinate regulation of complex T cell populations responding to bacterial infection, Immunity 8,353–362 (1998).
J. D. Altman, P. A. H. Moss, P. J. R. Goulder, D. H. Barouch, M. G. McHeyzer-Williams, J. I. Bell, A. J. McMichael, and M. M. Davis, Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, Science 274,94–96 (1996).
J. J. Peschon, P. J. Morrissey, K. H. Grabstein, F. J. Ramsdell, E. Maraskovsky, B. C. Gliniak, L. S. Park, S. F. Ziegler, D. E. Williams, C. B. Ware, J. D. Meyer, and B. L. Davison, Early lymphocyte expansion is severely impaired in interleukin 7 receptor-deficient mice, J. Exp. Med. 180,1955–1960 (1994).
K. A. Hogquist, S. C. Jameson, W. R. Heath, J. L. Howard, M. J. Bevan, and F. R. Carbone, T cell receptor antagonistic peptides induce positive selection., Cell 76,17–27 (1994).
K. Laky, L. Lefrançois, and L. Puddington, Age-dependent intestinal lymphoproliferative disorder due to stem cell factor receptor deficiency: parameters in small and large intestine., J. Immunol. 158,1417–1427 (1997).
J. W. Yewdell, J. R. Bennink, M. Mackett, L. Lefrançois, D. S. Lyles, and B. Moss, Recognition of cloned vesicular stomatitis virus internal and external gene products by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 163,1529–1538 (1986).
S. K. Kim, D. S. Reed, S. Olson, M. J. Schnell, J. K. Rose, P. A. Morton, and L. Lefrançois, Generation of mucosal cytotoxic T cells against soluble protein by tissue-specific environmental and costimulatory signals., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95,10814–10819 (1998).
G. M. Van Bleek and S. G. Nathenson, Isolation of an endogenously processed immunodominant viral peptide from the class I H-2K“ molecule, Nature 348,213–216 (1990).
H. Shen, M. K. Slifka, M. Matloubian, E. R. Jensen, R. Ahmed, and J. F. Miller, Recombinant Listeria monocytogenes as a live vaccine vehicle for the induction of protective anti-viral cell-mediated immunity, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92,3987–3991 (1995).
H. Shen, J. F. Miller, X. Fan, D. Kolwyck, R. Ahmed, and J. T. Harty, Compartmentalization of bacterial antigens - differential effects on priming of CD8 T cells and protective immunity, Cell 92,535–545 (1998).
D. R. Marshall, S. J. Turner, G. T. Bela, S. Wingo, S. Andreansky, M. Y. Sangster, J. M. Riberdy, T. Liu, M. Tan, and P. C. Doherty, Measuring the diaspora for virus-specific CD8+ T cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A (2001). 708–712
F. Sallusto, D. Lenig, R. Forster, M. Lipp, and A. Lanzavecchia, Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions [see comments], Nature 401,708–712 (1999).
U. von Freeden-Jeffry, P. Vieira, L. A. Lucian, T. McNeil, S. E. G. Burdach, and R. Murray, Lymphopenia in interleukin (IL)-7 gene-deleted mice identifies IL-7 as a nonredundant cytokine, J. Exp. Med. 181,1519–1526 (1995).
N. B. Perumal, T. W. Kenniston Jr., D. J. Tweardy, K. F. Dyer, R. Hoffman, J. Peschon, and P. M. Appasamy, TCR-g Genes Are Rearranged but Not Transcribed in IL-7Ra-Deficient Mice., Journal of Immunology 158,5744–5750 (1997).
E. Maraskovsky, M. Teepe, P. J. Morrissey, S. Braddy, R. E. Miller, D. H. Lynch, and J. J. Peschon, Impaired survival and proliferation in IL-7 receptor-deficient peripheral T cells, J. Immunol. 157,5315–5323 (1996).
J. Hassan and D. J. Reen, IL-7 promotes the survival and maturation but not differentiation of human post-thymic CD4+ T cells, EurJ Immunol 28,3057–3655 (1998).
K. S. Schluns, W. C. Kieper, S. C. Jameson, and L. Lefrançois, Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naive and memory CD8 T cells in vivo, Nat. Immunol. 1,426–432 (2000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lefrançois, L., Marzo, A., Masopust, D., Schluns, K., Vezys, V. (2002). Migration of Primary and Memory Cd8 T Cells. In: Gupta, S., Butcher, E., Paul, W. (eds) Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation IX. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 512. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0757-4_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0757-4_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5226-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0757-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive