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Experimental Injury Biomechanics of the Pediatric Neck

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Pediatric Injury Biomechanics

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Abstract

Motor vehicle related crashes rank as the most common cause of spinal related injuries in the pediatric population (Platzer et al. 2007; Brown et al. 2001; Kokoska et al. 2001; Eleraky et al. 2000; Hamilton and Myles 1992a; Bonadio 1993; Babcock 1975). Pediatric spinal related trauma accounts for between 1 and 12 % of all spinal related injuries (Hamilton and Myles 1992a; Hadley et al. 1988; Aufdermaur 1974). Cervical spine trauma in children accounts for approximately 2 % of all cervical spinal injuries (Henrys et al. 1977). Approximately 1–2 % of all children admitted for traumatic injury are related to injuries to the cervical spine (Platzer et al. 2007; Brown et al. 2001; Kokoska et al. 2001; Orenstein et al. 1994; Rachesky et al. 1987). Overall, pediatric neck injury rates are significantly lower than adult rates; however, the neck injury rate in children between the ages of 11 and 15 years approaches the adult rate of 18.8 per 100,000 (McGrory et al 1993; Myers and Winkelstein 1995). For children less than 11 years of age, neck injuries are relatively rare (1.2 per 100,000), but have particularly devastating consequences (McGrory et al. 1993). The overall mortality rate amongst victims of pediatric spinal trauma is approximately 16–41 % but considerably higher for the youngest ages (Platzer et al. 2007; Brown et al. 2001; Kokoska et al. 2001; Eleraky et al. 2000; Givens et al. 1996; Orenstein et al. 1994; Hamilton and Myles 1992b).

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Room 136 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA

    Roger W. Nightingale Ph.D. & Jason F. Luck

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  1. Roger W. Nightingale Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Roger W. Nightingale Ph.D. .

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  1. Dept. Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Lane Road 415, Charlottesville, 22903, Virgin Islands, USA

    Jeff R. Crandall

  2. Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Hudson Hall, Durham, 27708-0292, North Carolina, USA

    Barry S. Myers

  3. Dept. Bioengineering, University of Philadelphia, Smith Walk 3320, Philadelphia, 19104-6392, Pennsylvania, USA

    David F. Meaney

  4. UAB Injury Control Research Center, BioInjury, LLC, Madison Street 1122, Alexandria, 22314, Virgin Islands, USA

    Salena Zellers Schmidtke

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Nightingale, R.W., Luck, J.F. (2013). Experimental Injury Biomechanics of the Pediatric Neck. In: Crandall, J., Myers, B., Meaney, D., Zellers Schmidtke, S. (eds) Pediatric Injury Biomechanics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4154-0_5

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