Skip to main content

Conceptualizing Cultural Influences on Socialization: Comparing Parent–Adolescent Relationships in the United States and Mexico

  • Chapter
Handbook of Marriage and the Family

Abstract

This chapter is a review and conceptual analysis of the extent to which aspects of the parent–adolescent relationship can both vary and share qualities across cultures. Parent–adolescent relationships in both the United States and Mexico are used as examples to illustrate how cultural variations exist within common themes across cultures. Specifically, the first objective is to consider how cultural variation influences differences and similarities in the meaning of adolescent social competence in the United States and Mexico. The second objective of this chapter considers how cultural variation across these two societies results in differences and similarities in the socialization strategies that parents use to encourage or inhibit adolescent social competence. Such a conceptual analysis seeks to provide a better theoretical basis for cross-cultural understanding about how adolescent social competence is either fostered or impaired by parents in ways consistent with their cultural context. Accomplishing these objectives requires gaining an understanding of ecological theory, general cultural values that define the goals and strategies of socialization within different cultures, and a thorough review and synthesis of recent research on parent–adolescent relationships.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arcia, E., & Johnson, A. (1998). When respect means to obey: Immigrant Mexican mothers’ values for their children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, 79–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baca Zinn, M. (1994). Adaptation and continuity in Mexican-origin families. In R. L. Taylor (Ed.), Minority families in the United States: A multicultural perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baca Zinn, M., & Wells, B. (2000). Diversity within Latino families: New lessons for family science. In D. H. Demo, K. R. Allen, & M. Fine (Eds.), Handbook of family diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296–3319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. K. (2002a). Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. K. (2002b). Re-introducing psychological control. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. K., Olsen, J. E., & Shagle, S. C. (1994). Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized behaviors. Child Development, 65, 1120–1136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. K., Stolz, H. E., & Olsen, J. A. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method (Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Serial No. 282, Vol. 70, No. 2). Boston, MA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. K., & Thomas, D. L. (1986). Dimensions of fathers’ and mothers’ supportive behavior: The case for physical affection. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 783–794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1978). Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth and Society, 9, 239–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1987). A developmental perspective on adolescent risk taking in contemporary America. In C. E. Irwin Jr. (Ed.), Adolescent social behavior and health (New directions for child development, Vol. 37, pp. 93–125). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1991). Effective parenting during the early adolescent transition. In P. A. Cowan & M. Hetherington (Eds.), Family transitions (pp. 111–163). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (2005). Patterns of parental authority and autonomy. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 108, 61–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D., Larzelere, R. E., & Cowan, P. A. (2002). Ordinary physical punishment: Is it harmful? Comment on Gershoff (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128, 580–589.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, L. M. (1985). Habits of the hearts: Individualism and commitment in American life. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Arich, A., & Haj-Yahia, M. (2008). Corporal punishment of children: A multi-generational perspective. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 687–695.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P. L., & Luckman, T. (1966). The social construction of reality. Norwell, MA: Anchor Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Segall, M. H., & Dasen, P. R. (2002). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, M. (1990). The psychosocial constructs of social competency. In T. P. Gullotta, G. R. Adams, & R. Montemayor (Eds.), Developing social competency in adolescence. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boesch, E. E. (1991). Symbolic action theory and cultural psychology. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. The American Psychologist, 67, 513–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In T. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of education (2nd ed., pp. 1643–1647). New York: Elsevier Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (Ed.). (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks-Gunn, J., & Markman, L. B. (2005). The contribution of parenting to ethnic and racial gaps in school readiness. The Future of Children, 15, 139–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J. S. (1996). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck, M. J., Vittrup, B., & Holden, G. W. (2006). “It makes me feel sad”: The role of children’s reactions to discipline internalization. In A. Columbus (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (Vol. 38, pp. 117–136). New York: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulcroft, R. A., Carmody, D. C., & Bulcroft, K. A. (1996). Patterns of parental independence giving to adolescents: Variations by race, age, and gender of child. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 866–883.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buriel, R. (1993). Childrearing orientations in Mexican American families: The influence of generation and scoiocultural factors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 987–1000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Busch-Rossnagel, N. A., & Zaya, L. H. (1991). Hispanic adolescents. In R. M. Lerner, A. C. Peterson, & J. Brooks (Eds.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 492–498). New York: Garland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, K. R., & Peterson, G. W. (2008). Family influences on childhood development. In T. P. Gullotta (Ed.), Handbook of childhood behavioral issues (pp. 43–67). New York: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, K. R., Supple, A. J., & Lash, S. B. (2004). Mexican adolescents’ perceptions of parental behaviors and authority as predictors of their self-esteem and sense of familism. Marriage & Family Review, 36, 35–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlo, G., & de Guzman, M. R. T. (2009). Theories and research on prosocial competencies among U.S. Latinos/as. In F. A. Villarruel, G. Carlo, J. M. Grau, M. Azmitia, N. J. Cabrera, & T. J. Chahin (Eds.), Handbook of U.S. Latino psychology: Developmental and community-based perspective (pp. 191–211). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro, F. G., Boyer, G. R., & Balcazar, H. G. (2000). Healthy adjustment in Mexican American and other Hispanic adolescents. In R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams, & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), Adolescent diversity in ethnic, economic, and cultural contexts: Advances in adolescent development (pp. 120–142). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cauce, A. M., & Domenech-Rodriguez, M. D. (2002). Latino families: Myths and realities. In J. M. Contreras, K. A. Kerns, & A. M. Neal-Barnett (Eds.), Latino children and families in the United States (pp. 3–25). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chao, R. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1111–1119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chao, R. K. (2000). Cultural explanations for the role of parenting in the school success of Asian-American children. In R. Taylor & M. C. Wang (Eds.), Resilience across contexts: Family, work, culture, and community (pp. 333–363). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chao, R. K. (2001). Extending research on the consequences of parenting style for Chinese Americans and European Americans. Child Development, 72, 1832–1843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, W. A., & Laursen, B. (2004). Changing relationships, changing youth: Interpersonal contexts of adolescent development. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 24, 55–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsaro, W. A. (1997). The sociology of childhood. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, M. J., & Harter, K. S. M. (2003). Parent-child relationships. In M. H. Bornstein, L. Davidson, C. L. M. Keyes, K. A. Moore; The Center for Child Well-being (Ed.), Well-being: Positive development across the life course (pp. 191–204). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crouter, A. C., & Head, M. R. (2002). Parental monitoring and knowledge of children. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (Being and becoming a parent 2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 461–483). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 487–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, R., Peterson, G. W., & McCracken, C. (1998). Predictors of frequent spanking of younger and older children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 79–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, B. M., & Ford, L. (1998). Parental perceptions of child development among low-income Mexican American families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, 469–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Guerrero, R., & Szalay, L. B. (1991). Historic-sociocultural premises (HSCPs) and global change. International Journal of Psychology, 26, 665–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, S. V., Graber, J. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2008). The roles of respect for parental authority and parenting practices in parent-child conflict among African American, Latino, and European-American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. S. (2007). Families, schools, and developing achievement-related motivations and engagement. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 665–691). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckenrode, J., Laird, M., & Doris, J. (1993). School performance and disciplinary problems among abused and neglected children. Developmental Psychology, 29, 53–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, N. (1989). Prosocial development in early and mid-adolescence. In R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams, & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), Advances in adolescent development, from childhood to adolescence: A transitional period? (pp. 240–268). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elkin, F., & Handel, G. (1988). The child and society: The process of socialization. New York: McGraw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteinou, R. (1996). Familias de sectoresmedios: perfilesorganizativos y socioculturales. Mexico: CIESAS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteinou, R. (2004). Parenting in Mexican society. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 7–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteinou, R. (2008). Mexican families: Sociocultural and demographic patterns. In C. B. Hennon (Ed.), Handbook of families in cultural and international perspectives. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flannagan, D. (1996). Mothers and kindergarteners talk about interpersonal relationships. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 42, 519–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frias-Armenta, M., & McCloskey, L. A. (1998). Determinants of harsh parenting in Mexico. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 129–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J. (1998). Authority, autonomy, parent-adolescent conflict and cohesion: A study of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, Filipino, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 34, 782–792.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J. (2001). Family obligation and the academic motivation of adolescents from Asian, Latin American, and European Backgrounds. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 94, 61–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J., & Eccles, J. (1993). Perceived parent-child relationships and early adolescents’ orientation toward peers. Developmental Psychology, 29, 622–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J., Hughes, D. L., & Way, N. (2009). Ethnicity and immigration. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (3rd ed., pp. 285–306). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European family backgrounds. Child Development, 70, 1030–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavazzi, S. M. (2011). Families with adolescents: Bridging the gap between theory, research, and practice. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • German, M., Gonzales, N. A., & Dumka, L. (2009). Familism values as a protective factor for Mexican-origin adolescents exposed to deviant peers. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 16–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Physical punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 539–579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershoff, E. T., & Bitensky, S. H. (2007). The case against corporal punishment of children: Converging evidence from social science research and international human rights law and implications for U.S. policy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 4, 231–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, J. F. (2003). Social competency, adolescence. In T. P. Gullotta & M. Bloom (Eds.), Encyclopedia of primary prevention and health promotion (pp. 1004–1009). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, N. A., Knight, G. P., & Birman, D. (2004). Acculturation and enculturation among Latino youth. In K. I. Maton, C. J. Schellenbach, B. J. Leadbetter, & A. L. Solarz (Eds.), Investing in children, youth, families, and communities: Strength-based research and policy (pp. 285–302). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, N. A., Pitts, S., Hill, N., & Roosa, M. (2000). A meditational model of the impact of interpersonal conflict on child adjustment in a multiethnic, low-income sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 365–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodnow, J. J. (2006). Research and policy: Second looks at development, families, and communities, and at translations into practice. In A. Clarke-Stewart & J. Dunn (Eds.), Families count (pp. 337–360). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodnow, J. J., & Collins, W. A. (1990). Development according to parents: The nature, sources, and consequences of parents’ ideas. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grau, J. M., Azmitia, M., & Quattlebaum, J. (2009). Latino families: Parenting, relational, and developmental processes. In F. A. Villarruel, G. Carlo, J. M. Grau, M. Azmitia, N. J. Cabrera, & T. J. Chahin (Eds.), Handbook of U.S. Latino psychology: Developmental and community-based perspectives (pp. 153–169). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, M., & Steinberg, L. (1999). Adolescent romance and the parent-child relationship: A contextual perspective. In W. Furman, B. Brown, & C. Feiring (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on adolescent romantic relationships (pp. 235–265). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grusec, J. E., & Davidov, M. (2007). Socialization in the family: The roles of parents. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 1–9). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grusec, J. E., & Goodnow, J. J. (1994). Impact of parental discipline methods on the child’s internalization of values: A reconceptualization of current points of view. Developmental Psychology, 30, 4–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grusec, J. E., & Hastings, P. D. (2007). Introduction. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 1–9). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, S. (2008). Human development in cultural context: One pathway or many? Human Development, 51, 283–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, S., & Super, C. (2002). Culture and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (2nd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 253–280). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, S., & Super, C. (2006). Themes and variations: Parental ethnotheories in Western cultures. In K. H. Rubin & O. B. Chung (Eds.), Parenting beliefs, behaviors, and parent-child relations: A cross-cultural perspective (pp. 61–79). New York: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, J. R. (1998). The nurture assumption: Why children turn out the way they do. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harwood, R. L., Leyendecker, B., Carlson, V., Asencio, M., & Miller, A. (2002). Parenting among Latino families in the U.S. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (Social conditions and applied parenting 2nd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 21–46). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, S. T. (1999). Understanding resilient outcomes: Adolescent lives across time and generations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herskovits, M. J. (1948). Man and his works: The science of cultural anthropology. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, N. E., Bush, K. R., & Roosa, M. R. (2003). Parenting and family socialization strategies and children’s mental health: Low-income Mexican-American and Euro-American mothers and children. Child Development, 74, 189–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, N. E., & Tyson, D. F. (2008). Excavating culture: Ethnicity and context as predictors of parenting behavior. Applied Developmental Science, 12, 188–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, M. L. (1980). Moral development in adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (pp. 20–41). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, M. L. (1994). Discipline and internalization. Developmental Psychology, 30, 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, G. (2010). Parenting: A dynamic perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmbeck, G. N., Johnson, S. Z., Wills, K. E., McKernon, W., Rose, B., & Erklin, S. (2002). Observed and perceived parental overprotection in relation to psychosocial adjustment in preadolescents with a physical disability: The meditational role of behavioral autonomy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 96–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingoldsby, B., Schvaneveldt, P., Supple, A. J., & Bush, K. R. (2004). Parenting behaviors as predictors of self-efficacy and academic achievement among adolescents living in Ecuador and Mexico. Marriage and Family Review, 35(3/4), 139–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkeles, A. (1968). Society, social structure, and child socialization. In J. A. Clausen (Ed.), Socialization and society (pp. 73–129). Boston, MA: Little Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1996). Family and human development across cultures: A view from the other side. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1997). Individualism and collectivism. In J. Berry, M. Segall, & C. Kagiticibasi (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 1–49). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keefe, S. E., Padilla, A. M., & Carlos, M. L. (1978). The Mexican American extended family as an emotional support system. In J. M. Casa & S. E. Keefe (Eds.), Family and mental health in the Mexican American community (pp. 49–67). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, H., Borke, J., Yovsi, R., Lohaus, A., & Jensen, H. (2005). Cultural orientations and historical changes as predictors of parenting behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 229–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, M., & Sattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Killen, M., & Wainryb, C. (2000). Independence and interdependence in diverse cultural contexts. In S. Harkness & C. Raeff (Eds.), Variability in the social construction of the child. New directions for child development (Vol. 87, pp. 5–21). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H., & Markus, H. R. (1999). Deviance or uniqueness, harmony and conformity? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1209–1230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, G. P., Cota, M. K., & Bernal, M. E. (1993). The socialization of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic social values. Developmental Psychology, 21, 37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, G. P., Dubro, A. F., & Chao, C. (1985). Information processing and the development of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic social values. Developmental Psychology, 21, 37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuczynski, L. (2003). Beyond bidirectionality: Bilateral conceptual frameworks for understanding dynamics in parent-child relations. In L. Kuczynski (Ed.), Handbook of dynamics in parent-child relations (pp. 3–24). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuczynski, L., & Parkin, M. (2007). Agency and bidirectionality in socialization: Interactions, transactions, and relational dialectics. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 259–283). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuperminc, G. P., Wilkins, N. J., Roche, C., & Alvarez-Jimennez, A. (2009). Risk, resilience, and positive development among Latino youth. In F. A. Villarruel, G. Carlo, J. M. Grau, M. Azmitia, N. J. Cabrera, & T. J. Chahin (Eds.), Handbook of U.S. Latino psychology: Developmental and community-based perspectives (pp. 213–233). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurdek, L., & Fine, M. A. (1994). Family acceptance and family control as predictors of adjustment in young adolescents: Linear, curvilinear, or interactive effects. Child Development, 65, 1137–1146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamborn, S. D., Mounts, N. S., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 62, 1049–1065.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larzelere, R. E., & Baumrind, D. (2010). Are spanking injunctions scientifically supported? Law and Contemporary Problems, 73, 57–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (2009). Parent-child relationships during adolescence. In R. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 3–42). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M. (2002). Concepts and theories of human development (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, D. M. (1943). Maternal overprotection. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, S., & Lim, B. (2003). Parenting style and child outcomes in Chinese and immigrant Chinese families: Current findings and cross-cultural considerations in conceptualization and research. Marriage and Family Review, 35, 21–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • López, M. P., Salles, V., & Tuirán, R. (2001). Familias y hogares: Pervivencias y transformaciones en un horizonte de largo plazo. In J. Gómez de León & C. Rabell (Eds.), La Población de México. Tendencias y perspectivas sociodemográficas hacia el siglo XXI (pp. 635–693). Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica/Consejo Nacional de Población.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (2007). Historical overview of socialization research and theory. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 13–41). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & M. E. Hetherington (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (Socialization, personality, and social development, Vol. 4., pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H. R., & Hamedani, M. (2007). Sociocultural psychology: The dynamic interdependence among self systems and social systems. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 3–39). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, W. A. (2004). Freedom just around the corner: A new American history 1585–1828. New York: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • McElhaney, K., Allen, J., Stephenson, J., & Hare, A. (2009). Attachment and autonomy during adolescence. In R. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 358–403). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, & society. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, A. L. (2003). Risk-taking, adolescence. In T. P. Gullotta & M. Bloom (Eds.), Encyclopedia of primary prevention and health promotion (pp. 895–900). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osorio Roman, S. A., & Sánchez Mejía, S. (1996). Estilos de crianza en México: estudio epidemiológico. Tesis de licenciatura en psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G. (1983). Parental overprotection: A risk factor in psychological development. New York: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T., & Bales, R. (1955). Family socialization and interaction process. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R. (1986). Performance models for antisocial boys. The American Psychologist, 41, 432–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., & Capaldi, D. M. (1991). Antisocial parents: Unskilled & vulnerable. In P. A. Cowan & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Family transitions (pp. 195–218). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, P. (2001). White means never having to say you’re ethnic. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 30, 56–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W. (1995). Autonomy and connectedness. In R. D. Day, K. R. Gilbert, B. H. Settles, & W. R. Burr (Eds.), Research and theory in family science. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W. (2005). Family influences on adolescent development. In G. R. Adams & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), Handbook on the treatment and prevention of dysfunctional behavior: Theory, practice, and prevention (pp. 27–55). New York: Kluwer Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W. (2009). Connectedness and autonomy: Tension or compatibility? In H. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (Vol. 1, pp. 445–452). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., & Bush, K. R. (2003). Promoting healthy development with adolescents living in nuclear families. In T. P. Gullotta & M. Bloom (Eds.), Encyclopedia of primary prevention (pp. 749–761). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., Bush, K. R., & Supple, A. (1999). Predicting adolescent autonomy from parents: Relationship connectedness and restrictiveness. Sociological Inquiry, 69, 431–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., & Hann, D. (1999). Socializing parents and children in families. In M. B. Sussman, S. K. Steinmetz, & G. W. Peterson (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (2nd ed., pp. 327–370). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., & Leigh, G. K. (1990). The family and social competence in adolescence. In T. P. Gullotta, G. R. Adams, & R. Montemayor (Eds.), Developing social competency in adolescence: Advances in adolescent development (Vol. 3, pp. 97–138). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., & Rollins, B. C. (1999). Parent-child socialization. In M. Sussman & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (2nd ed., pp. 471–507). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., & Rose, H. (2003). Promoting healthy development with children living in nuclear families. In T. P. Gullotta & M. Bloom (Eds.), Encyclopedia of primary prevention (pp. 705–715). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., Steinmetz, S. M., & Wilson, S. M. (2004). Persisting issues in cultural and cross-cultural parent-youth relations. Marriage and Family Review, 36, 229–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., Steinmetz, S. K., & Wilson, S. M. (2005a). Parent-youth relations: Cultural and cross-cultural perspectives. New York: Haworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G. W., Steinmetz, S., & Wilson, S. (2005b). Cultural and cross-cultural perspectives on parent-youth relations. In G. W. Peterson, S. K. Steinmetz, & S. M. Wilson (Eds.), Parent-youth relations: Cultural and cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 7–20). New York: Haworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomerantz, E., & Wang, Q. (2009). The role of parental control in children’s development in Western and East Asian countries. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 285–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quin, L., Pomerantz, E. M., & Wang, Q. (2009). Are gains in decision-making autonomy during early adolescence beneficial for emotional functioning? The case of the United States and China. Child Development, 80, 1705–1721.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintana, M., & Scull, N. C. (2009). Latino ethnic identity. In F. A. Villarruel, G. Carlo, J. M. Grau, M. Azmitia, N. J. Cabrera, & T. J. Chahin (Eds.), Handbook of U.S. Latino psychology: Developmental and community-based perspectives (pp. 81–98). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raef, C. (2006). Always separate, always connected: Independence and interdependence in cultural contexts of development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raffaelli, M., Carlo, G., Carranza, M. A., & Gonzales, N. A. (2005). Understanding Latino children and adolescents in the mainstream: Placing culture at the center of developmental models. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 109, 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raffaelli, M., & Ontai, L. L. (2004). Gender socialization in Latino/a families: Results from two retrospective studies. Sex Roles, 50, 287–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ripoll-Nunez, K. J., & Rohner, R. P. (2006). Corporal punishment in cross-cultural perspective: Directions for a research agenda. Cross-Cultural Research, 40, 220–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohner, R. P. (1986). The warmth dimension: Foundation of parental acceptance-rejection theory. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohner, R. P. (2004). The parental acceptance-rejection syndrome: Universal correlates of perceived rejection. The American Psychologist, 59, 827–840.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohner, R. P. (2008). Parental acceptance-rejection theory studies of intimate adult relationships. Cross-Cultural Research, 42, 5–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rollins, B. C., & Thomas, D. L. (1979). Parental support, power, and control techniques in the socialization of children. In W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye, & I. L. Reiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the family (Research based theories, Vol. 1, pp. 317–364). New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothbaum, F., & Trommsdorf, G. (2007). Do roots and wings complement or oppose one another? The socialization of relatedness and autonomy in cultural context. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 461–489). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigel, I. E., McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A., & Goodnow, J. J. (Eds.). (1992). Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smetana, J. (2008). It’s 10 o’clock: Do you know where your children are? Recent advances in understanding parental monitoring and adolescents’ information management. Child Development Perspectives, 2, 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorkhabi, N. (2005). Applicability of Baumrind’s parent typology to collective cultures: Analysis of cultural explanations of parent socialization effects. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 552–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiro, M. (1993). Is the Western conception of the self “peculiar” within the context of the world’s cultures? Ethos, 21, 107–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71, 1072–1085.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L. (1990). Autonomy, conflict, and harmony in the family relationship. In S. S. Feldman & G. R. Elliot (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent (pp. 255–276). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L. D. (2001). We know some things: Adolescent-parent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L. D., Lamborn, S. D., Darling, N., Mounts, N. S., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754–770.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L. D., Lamborn, S. D., Dornbusch, S. M., & Darling, N. (1992). Impact of parenting practices on adolescent achievement: Authoritative parenting, school involvement, and encouragement to succeed. Child Development, 63, 1266–1281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L. D., Mounts, N. S., Lamborn, S. D., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, 19–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L. D., & Silk, J. S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 103–134). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, M. A. (1994). Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American families. New York: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suarez-Orozco, C., & Suarez-Orozco, M. (1996). Transformations: Migration, family life and achievement motivation among Latino adolescents. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Way, N., Hughes, D., Yoshikawa, H., Kalman, R. K., & Niwa, E. Y. (2008). Parents’ goals for children: The dynamic coexistence of individualism and collectivism in cultures and individuals. Social Development, 17, 183–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506–520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism-collectivism and personality. Journal of Personality, 69, 907–924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trommsdorff, G., & Kornadt, H. (2003). Parent-child relations in cross-cultural perspective. In L. Kuczynski (Ed.), Handbook of dynamics in parent-child relations (pp. 271–306). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tudge, J. R., Mokrova, I., Hatfield, B. E., & Karnik, R. B. (2009). Uses and misuses of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 1, 198–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, H. A., & Finkelhor, D. (1996). Corporal punishment as stressor among youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 155–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Updegraff, K. A., & Umana-Taylor, A. J. (2010). Structure and process in Mexican-origin families and their implications for youth development. In N. S. Lansdale, S. M. McHale, & A. Booth (Eds.), Growing up Hispanic. Health and development of children of immigrants (pp. 97–143). Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela, A., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994). Familism and social capital in the academic achievement of Mexican origin and Anglo adolescents. Social Science Quarterly, 75, 18–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Q., Pomerantz, E. M., & Chen, H. (2007). The role of parents’ control in early adolescents’ psychological functioning: A longitudinal investigation in the United States and China. Child Development, 78, 1592–1610.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welti, C. (2002). Adolescents in Latin America: Facing the future with skepticism. In B. B. Brown, R. W. Larson, & T. S. Saraswathi (Eds.), The world’s youth: Adolescence in eight regions of the globe (pp. 276–306). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiting, B. B., & Edwards, C. P. (1988). Children of different worlds: The formation of social behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, S. M., & Esteinou, R. (2011). Transitions from collectivistic to individualistic family systems: Kenya and Mexico. Revista de Investigación Social, 1, 20–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, S. M., & Peterson, G. W. (2000). The experience of growing up in Appalachia: Cultural and economic influences on adolescent development. In R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams, & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), Advances in adolescent development (Adolescent experiences: Cultural and economic diversity in adolescent development, Vol. 9, pp. 75–109). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wissow, L. S. (2001). Ethnicity, income, and parenting contexts of physical punishment in a national sample of families with young children. Child Maltreatment, 6, 118–129.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gary W. Peterson PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Peterson, G.W., Bush, K.R. (2013). Conceptualizing Cultural Influences on Socialization: Comparing Parent–Adolescent Relationships in the United States and Mexico. In: Peterson, G., Bush, K. (eds) Handbook of Marriage and the Family. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3987-5_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics