Abstract
It is well known that the contemporary concept of scientific paradigm arrived on the scientific and philosophical scene in 1962 with the publication of Thomas Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions. The book became enormously popular and soon it was common to find it on the syllabi of university undergraduate and graduate courses. In scientific and philosophical circles, the publication reignited a long simmering debate and turned it into a raging firestorm of criticism and countercriticism (see, e.g., Lakatos & Musgrave, 1970). Partially, the debate was about the introduction of sociological matters into the body of scientific theory and method, and partially, it was about the nature of scientific change itself (e.g., normal vs. revolutionary science, scientific crises, anomalies, gestalt switches).
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Notes
- 1.
For a history of the impact of Kuhn’s SST on the understanding of how the rules of science change, see Overton (1984).
- 2.
Hilary Putnam (1987) makes a useful distinction between the term real as used in commonsense discussions, such as this is a real table, chair, book etc., and the Real with a capital R in referring to an ontological ultimate reality. This distinction will be used throughout this chapter.
- 3.
This paper Reese and Overton (1970) was based on a presentation to the first developmental life span conference at West Virginia University in 1969. This conference itself represented the beginning of the developmental life span movement in the United States.
- 4.
It should be noted that empiricism is a philosophical doctrine and empiricists are those committed to this doctrine. One can be committed to empirical science (i.e., science involving observational testing of hypotheses whenever possible) without being an empiricist. Thus, the new psychology to emerge from the cognitive revolution was an empirical science that did not follow the doctrine of empiricism.
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Overton, W.F. (2012). Evolving Scientific Paradigms: Retrospective and Prospective. In: L'Abate, L. (eds) Paradigms in Theory Construction. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0914-4_3
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