Skip to main content

A Review of Antarctic Behavioral Research

  • Conference paper
From Antarctica to Outer Space

Abstract

Twenty-five years ago, Sladen (1965) described the history of physiological and psychological studies at U.S. stations in Antarctica as “brief, sporadic, and extremely limited in scope” (p. 103). Except for the Oklahoma Sleep Project conducted in the 1960s by Shurley, Pierce, and Natani and their colleagues (Shurley, 1974; Shurley, Pierce, Natani, & Brooks, 1970), Sladen’s characterization of Antarctic behavioral research seems as true today as it was in 1965. Behavioral research by U.S. scientists published during the past decade has been largely dependent upon data obtained in cooperation with Antarctic treaty nations with ongoing psychological research programs, such as New Zealand, or the willingness of U.S. scientists, supported by the National Science Foundation in other fields, to assist in data collection using their own research teams as subjects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alluisi, E. A., Chiles, W. D., Hall, T. J., & Hawkes, G. R. (1963). Human group performance during confinement (Tech. Rep. No. AMRL-TDR-63–87). 6570th Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio-Lockheed Aircraft Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F. (1978). Electroencephalography, isolation, and hypnotic capability at Scott Base. New Zealand Antarctic Record, 1, 35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F. (1980a). EEG alpha, skin conductance and hypnotizability in Antarctica. International journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 28, 63–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F. (1980b, August). Imaginative involvement and hypnotizability in Antarctica. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Congress of the Australian Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Hobart, Tasmania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F. (1982). Restricted environmental stimulation and the enhancement of hypnotizability: Pain, EEG alpha, skin conductance, and temperature responses. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 30, 147–166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F. (1984). Antarctic isolation and imaginative involvement: Preliminary findings. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 32, 296–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F. (1988, August). Flotation restricted environmental stimulation produces spontaneous hypnosis. Paper presented at the International Congress of Hypnosis and Psychosomatic Medicine, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F., & Barabasz, M. (1986). Antarctic isolation and inversion perception: Regression phenomena. Environment and Behavior, 18, 285–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F., & Barabasz, M. (1989). Effects of restricted environmental stimulation: Enhancement of hynotizability for experimental and chronic pain control. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 37, 217–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F., & Gregson, R. A. M. (1979). Antarctic wintering-over, suggestion and transient olfactory stimulation: EEG evoked potential and electrodermal responses. Biological Psychology, 9, 285–295.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, A. F., & Lonsdale, C. (1983). Effects of hypnosis on P300 olfactory-evoked potential amplitudes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 520–526.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabasz, M., Barabasz, A. F., & Mullin, C. S. (1983). Effects of brief Antarctic isolation on absorption and hypnotic susceptibility: Preliminary results and recommendations. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 31, 235–238.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bexton, W., Heron, W., & Scott, T. (1954). Effects of decreased variation in the sensory environment. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 8, 70–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn, A. B., Shurley, J. T., & Natani, K. (1973). Psychological adjustment at a small Antarctic station: An MMPI study. In O. G. Edholm & E. K. E. Gunderson (Eds.), Polar human biology: Proceedings of the SCAR/IUPS/IUBS symposium on human biology and medicine in the Antarctic (pp. 369–383). London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bluth, B. J. (1979). Consciousness alterations in space. In Space Manufacturing 3: Proceedings of the 4th Princeton/AIAA Conference (pp. 525–532). New York: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, R. E., Natani, K., Shurley, J. T., Pierce, C. M., & Joern, A. T. (1973). An Antarctic sleep and dream laboratory. In O. G. Edholm & E. K. E. Gunderson (Eds.), Polar human biology (pp. 322–341). London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrd, R. E. (1938). Alone. New York: Putnam. (Reissued by Island Press, Covelo, CA, 1984.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Connors, M. M., Harrison, A. A., & Akins, F. R. (1986). Psychology and the resurgent space program. American Psychologist, 41, 906–913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, E. H., & Flinn, D. E. (1963). Psychiatric aspects of the SAM two man space cabin simulator (Tech. Rep. No. SAM-TDR-63–27–USAF). Brooks AFB, Texas: School of Aerospace Medicine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, H. J., Kitner-Triolo, M., & Clarke, S. (1988, November). EEG activation patterns accompanying induced happy and sad moods: Moderating effects of hypnosis and hypnotic responsiveness level. Paper presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Ashville, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, H. M. (1963). Prolonged space flight poses monotony problem. Missiles and Rockets, 31–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregson, R. A. M. (1978). Monitoring cognitive performance in Antarctica. New Zealand Antarctic Record, 1, 24–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson, E. K. E. (1963). Emotional symptoms in extremely isolated groups. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9, 362–368.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson, E. K. E. (1965). The reliability of personality ratings under varied assessment conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 161–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson, E. K. E. (1966). Personality differences among Navy occupational groups. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 956–961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson, E. K. E. (1973). Psychological studies in Antarctica: A review. In O. G. Edholm & E. K. E. Gunderson (Eds.), Polar human biology: Proceedings of the SCAR/IUPS/IUBS Symposium on human biology and medicine in the Antarctic (pp. 352–361). London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, A. A. (1986). On resistance to the involvement of personality, social, and organizational psychologists in the U.S. space program. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 1, 315–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilgard, E. R. (1975). The alleviation of pain by hypnosis. Pain, 1, 213–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hilgard, E. R. (1977). Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human thought and action. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilgard, E. R. (1979). Consciousness and control: Lessons from hypnosis. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 7, 103–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilgard, J. R. (1974). Imaginative involvement: Some characteristics of the highly hypnotizable and non-hypnotizable. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 22, 138–156.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hilgard, J. R. (1979). Imaginative and sensory-affective involvements in everyday life and in hypnosis. In E. Fromm & R. E. Shor (Eds.), Hypnosis: developments in research and new perspectives (2nd ed.) (pp. 483–517). New York: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, A. S. (1965). Prolonged isolation and confinement: A problem for naval medical research. Navy Magazine, 26–28, 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, J. (1956). Mental effects on reduction of ordinary levels of physical stimuli on intact, healthy persons. Psychiatric Research Reports, 5, 1–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, F., & Tolchin, S. (1961). Group adjustment at the South Pole. Journal of Mental Science, 107, 954–960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullin, C. S. (1960). Some psychological aspects of isolated Antarctic living. American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 323–326.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mullin, C. S., & Connery, H. (1959). Psychological study of an Antarctic IGY station. Armed Forces Medical Journal, 10, 290–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullin, C. S., Connery, H., & Wouters, F. (1958). A psychological-psychiatric study of an IGY station in Antarctica (project report). United States Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Neuropsychiatric Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nardini, J. E., Hermann, R. S., & Rasmussen, J. E. (1962). Navy psychiatric assessment program in the Antarctic. American Journal of Psychiatry, 119, 97–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Natani, K., & Shurley, J. T. (1974). Sociopsychological aspects of a winter vigil at South Pole Station. In E. K. E. Gunderson (Ed.), Human adaptability to Antarctic conditions (pp. 89–114). Washington: American Geophysical Union.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Oberg, J. E., & Oberg, A. R. (1986). Living on the next frontier: Pioneering space. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, A. G. (1966). The assessment of individual performance in small Antarctic groups, 1, OIC’s Rating Scales (research report). Melbourne: Psychological Research Unit of the Australian Military Forces.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, A. G. (1967). The assessment of individual performance in small Antarctic groups, 2, ratings on the Leary interpersonal Checklist (research report). Melbourne: Psychological Research Unit of the Australian Military Forces.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, A. G. (1968). Some biographical correlates of assessed performance in small Antarctic groups (research report). Melbourne: Psychological Research Unit of the Australian Military Forces.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmai, G. (1963). Psychological observations on an isolated group in Antarctica. British Journal of Psychiatry, 109, 364–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shurley, J. T. (1974). Physiological Research at U.S. stations in Antarctica. In E. K. E. Gunderson (Ed.), Human adaptability to Antarctic conditions. (pp. 71–87). Washington: American Geophysical Union.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Shurley, J. T., Pierce, C. M., Natani, K., & Brooks, R. E. (1970). Sleep and activity patterns at South Pole Station. Archives of General Psychiatry, 22, 385–389.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sladen, W. J. L. (1965). Staphylococci in noses and streptococci in throats of isolated and semi-isolated Antarctic communities. Journal of Hygiene, 63, 103–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. M. (1966). Observations over the lifetime of a small isolated group: Structure, danger, boredom and vision. Psychological Reports, 19, 475–514.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, D., Cutcomb, S., Ren, C., & Pribrim, K. (1985). Hypnotic hallucination alters evoked potentials. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 249–255.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suedfeld, P. (1980). Restricted environmental stimulation. New York: Wiley-Inter-science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, A. J. W. (1978). Antarctica psychometrika unspectacular. New Zealand Antarctic Record, 6, 36–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, A. J. W., & Shurley, J. T. (1971). Some Antarctic troglodytes. International Review of Applied Psychology, 9, 367–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 268–277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weitzenhoffer, A., & Hilgard, E. R. (1962). The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Barabasz, A.F. (1991). A Review of Antarctic Behavioral Research. In: Harrison, A.A., Clearwater, Y.A., McKay, C.P. (eds) From Antarctica to Outer Space. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3012-0_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3012-0_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7759-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3012-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics