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Approaches in Treating Nerve Cell Death with Calcium Chelators

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Cell Death and Diseases of the Nervous System

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Abstract

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are ubiquitous intracellular second messengers which regulate numerous cellular functions. For this reason, neurons possess a complex homeostatic machinery which tightly controls the temporal and spatial distribution of Ca2+ within the cell. It is widely believed that a disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis is a major contributing factor to neuronal cell death occurring in many of the nervous system disorders including cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, brain trauma, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases (also see chapters by Leist and Nicotera, Dykens, Olney and Ishimaru, Dietrich, Wood, Vornov, Shin and Lee, and Bar-Peled and Rothstein). Therefore, many therapeutic strategies for these disorders aim at preventing either the processes leading to Ca2+ homeostatic failure, or the consequences of Ca2+ excess. Recent insights into mechanisms triggering and perpetuating disturbances of cellular calcium regulation have led to new approaches to the study of cellular calcium homeostasis, and to treatment of neuronal injury. One such approach, which illustrates the complexities associated with Ca2+ regulation, has been the use of exogenous Ca2+- chelating agents. These compounds have been employed in recent years to study normal and pathological cellular Ca2+ signaling, to evaluate the role of Ca2+ buffering in neuronal vulnerability to injury, and to treat neuronal injuries thought to be associated with Ca2+ homeostatic failure. The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to examine current knowledge on the role of Ca2+ buffers as probes of mechanisms leading to nerve cell death, and as potential therapeutic agents for Ca2+-dependent neurotoxicity.

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Authors
  1. Michael Tymianski
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Vassilis E. Koliatsos MD

  2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Rajiv R. Ratan MD, PhD

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© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Tymianski, M. (1999). Approaches in Treating Nerve Cell Death with Calcium Chelators. In: Koliatsos, V.E., Ratan, R.R. (eds) Cell Death and Diseases of the Nervous System. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1602-5_30

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1602-5_30

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7213-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-1602-5

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