Abstract
Lesions associated with colonic and rectal dysfunction and with problems of the pelvic floor of neurological causation will be considered in the following order: central, spinal, nerve roots, peripheral nerves and ganglion nerve cells, with functional disorders which have neurological involvement but cannot be classified anatomically.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alva J, Nendeloff AI, Schuster MM (1967) Reflex and electromyographic problems associated with faecal incontinence. Gastroenterology 53: 101–105
Alexander-Williams J (1977) Solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum. Its association with occult rectal prolapse. Lancet i: 170–171
Bannister JJ, Lawrence WT, Smith A, Thomas DG, Read NW (1988) Urological abnormalities in young women with severe constipation. Gut 29: 17–20
Barnes PRH, Lennard-Jones JE (1985) Balloon expulsion from the rectum in constipation of different types. Gut 26: 1049
Bartolo DCC, Jarratt JA, Read MG, Donnelly TC, Read NW (1983) The role of partial denervation of the pubo-rectalis in idiopathic faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 70: 664–667
Battle WM, Snape WJ Jr, Alair A, Cohen S, Brainstem S (1980) Colonic dysfunction in diabetes. Gastroenterology 79: 1217
Beersiek F, Parks AG, Swash M (1979) Pathogenesis of ano-rectal incontinence: a histometric study of the anal canal musculature. J Neurol Sci 42: 111–127
Bell CMA, Lewis CB (1968) The effects of neostigmine on integrity of ileorectal anastomosis. Br Med J iii: 587
Bennett RC, Duthie HL (1964) The functional importance of the internal sphincter. Br J Surg 51: 355–357
Binnie NR (1990) The effect of spinal cord injury on the motor function of the human colon, and the assessment of the influence of implanted radiofrequency stimulating electrodes. MD Thesis, University of Edinburgh
Binnie NR, Creasey GH, Edmond P, Smith AN (1988a) The action of cisapride on the chronic constipation of paraplegia. Paraplegia 26: 151–158
Binnie NR, Edmond P, Smith AN (1988b) Defining constipation: the value of ano-rectal function tests. Gastroenterol Int 1 /1: 338
Binnie NR, Kawimbe BM, Smith AN (1988c) Use of the dorsal genital nerve pudendoanal reflex for the treatment of neuro-genic faecal incontinence. Gut 29 /5: A734
Binnie NR, Kawimbe BM, Papachrysostomou M, Smith AN (1989) EMG feedback as a domiciliary treatment of anismus. Gut 30: A714
Bond JH, Levitt MD, Prentiss R (1975) Investigation of small bowel transit in utilising pulmonary hydrogen ( H2) measurements. J Lab Clin Med 85: 546–555
Brindley GS, Polkey CE, Rushton DN (1982) Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia. Paraplegia 20: 365–381
Burks TF (1988) Actions of pharmacological agents on gastrointestinal function. In: Kumar D, Gustaysson S (eds) Gastrointestinal motility. Wiley, Chichester, pp 272–290
Catchpole BN (1969) Ileus: use of sympathetic blocking agents in its treatment. Surgery. 66: 811–820
Catchpole BN (1988) Motor pattern of left colon before and after surgery for rectal cancer: possible implications in other disorders. Gut 29: 624–630
Cerulli MA, Nikoomanesh P, Schuster MM (1979) Progress in biofeedback conditioning for faecal incontinence. Gastroenterology 76: 742–746
Christensen J, Anuras S, Hauser RL (1974) Migrating spike bursts and electrical slow waves in the cat colon: effect of sectioning. Gastroenterology 66: 240–247
Condon RE, Cowles VE, Schulte WJ, Frantzides CT, Mahouney JL, Sarna SK (1986) Resolution of post-operative ileus in humans. Ann Surg 203: 574–581
Connell AM, Frankel H, Guttman L (1963) The motility of the pelvic colon following complete lesions of the spinal cord. Paraplegia 1: 93–115
Constantinides CG, Cywes S (1983) Faecal incontinence: a simple pneumatic device for home biofeedback training. J Paed Surg 18: 276–277
Crawford JP, Frankel HL (1971) Abdominal “visceral” sensation in human tetraplegia. Paraplegia 9:153–158 Denny-Brown D, Robertson G (1935) An investigation of the nervous control of defaecation. Brain 58: 256–310
Duthie HL (1975) Dynamics of the rectum and anus. Clin Gastroenterol 4: 467–477
Eastwood MA, Brydon WG, Baird JD et al. (1984) Faecal weight and composition, serum lipids, and diet among subjects aged 18 to 80 years not seeking health care. Am J Clin Nutr 40: 628–634
Engel BT, Nicoomanesh P, Schuster MM (1974) Operant conditioning of rectosphincteric responses in the treatment of faecal incontinence. N Engl J Med 290: 646–649
Fidas A, Galloway NTM, Vanna JS, McInnes A, Chisholm GD (1987) Sacral reflex latency in acute retention in female patients. Br J Urol 59: 311–313
Fidas A, MacDonald HL, Elton RA, McInnes A, Wild SR, Chisholm GD (1989) Prevalence of spina bifida occulata in patients with functional disorders of the lower urinary tract and its relation to urodynamic and neurophysiological measurements. Br Med J 298: 357–359
Frenckner B (1975) Function of the anal sphincters in spinal man. Gut 16: 638–644
Frenckner B, Ihre T (1976a) Function of the anal sphincters in patients with intussusception of the rectum. Gut 17: 147–151
Frenckner B, Ihre T (1976b) Influence of autonomic nerves on the internal anal sphincter in man. Gut 17: 306–312
Glick ME, Meshkinpour H, Haldeman S, Batta NN, Bradley WE (1982) Colonic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Gastroenterology 83: 1002–1007
Gowers R (1877) The automatic action of the sphincter ani. Proc R Soc London 26: 77–84
Green TH Jr, Meigs JV, Ulfelder H, Reder N, Aalder J, Abeler V (1973) Urological complications of radical Wertheim hysterectomy: incidence, etiology, management and prevention. Obstet Gynecol 115: 81–87
Guttmann L (1970) Spinal shock and reflex behaviour in man. Paraplegia 8: 100–110
Guttmann L (1973) Spinal cord injuries: comprehensive management and research. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp 430445
Hallan RI, Williams NS, Melling J, Waldron DJ, Womack NR, Morrison JFB (1988) Treatment of anismus in intractable constipation with botulinum A toxin. Lancet ii: 714–717
Hatcher PA, Thomson HJ, Ludgate SN, Small WP, Smith AN (1985) Surgical aspects of intestinal injury due to pelvic radiotherapy. Ann Surgery 201: 470–475
Henry MM, Swash M (1985) Pathogenesis and clinical features. In: Henry MM, Swash M (eds) Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. Butterworth, London, pp 222–227
Henry MM, Snooks SJ, Barnes PRH, Swash M (1985) Investigation of disorders of the anorectum and colon. Ann R Coll Surg Eng 67: 355–360
Hinton JM, Lennard-Jones JE, Young AC (1969) A new method for studying gut transit times using radio-opaque markers. Gut 10: 842–847
James CCM, Lassman LP (1981) Spina bifida occulta. Academic Press, London Keighley MRB (1988) Surgery for constipation. Br J Surg 75: 625–626
Kiff ES, Barnes PB, Henry MM (1983) Prolongation of pudendal nerve latency and increased single fibre density in patients with chronic defaecation straining and perineal descent. Br J Surg 70: 681
Klein SJ, Omieczynski T, Reingold IM, Bors E (1969) Urinary tract disease in spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia 7:6–9 Lindman R, Joiner E et al. (1980) Incidence and clinical features of autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 18: 285–292
Marsden PA, Williamson EG (1939) The use of prostigmine methylsulfate in the prevention of post-operative intestine atony and urinary bladder retention. Surg Gynecol Obstet 69: 61
Menardo G, Fazio A, Marangi A et al. (1984) Large bowel transit in patients with paraplegia. Gut 25:1314 Meshkinpour H, Nowroozi F, Glock ME (1983) Colonic
compliance in patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehab 64:111–112
Meshkinpour H, Harmon D, Thompson R, Yu J (1985) Effects of thoracic spinal cord transection on the colonic motor activity in rats. Paraplegia 23: 272–276
Meunier P, Mollard P (1977) Control of the internal anal sphincter (manometric study with human subjects). Pflügers Arch ges Physiol 370: 233–239
Neely JT, Catchpole BN (1971) The restoration of alimentary tract motility by pharmacological means.
Br J Surg 58:21–28 Neill ME, Parks AG, Swash M (1981) Physiological studies of
the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 68:531–536
Onuf B (1901) On the arrangement and function of cell groups of the sacral region of the spinal cord in man. Arch Neurol 3: 387–412
Parks AG, Swash M (1979) Denervation of the anal sphincter causing idiopathic faecal incontinence. Roy Coll Surg Edinb 24: 94–96
Pedersen E, Harving H, Klenmar B, Torring J (1978) Human anal reflexes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 9:813–818 Preston DM, Lennard-Jones JE (1985) Anismus in chronic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 30: 413–418
Preston DM, Lennard-Jones JE (1986) Severe chronic constipation of young women: “idiopathic slow transit constipation”. Gut 27: 41–48
Read NW, Abouzekry L (1986) Why do patients with faecal impaction have faecal incontinence? Gut 27: 283–287
Read NW, Abouzekry L, Read MG et al. (1985) Anorectal function in elderly patients with faecal impaction. Gastroenterology 89: 959–966
Reynolds BJ, Elliasson FG (1977) Colonic pseudo-obstruction in patients. Ann Neurol 1: 305
Riddoch G (1917) The reflex function of the divided spinal cord in man, compared with those associated with less severe lesions. Brain 40: 264–402
Rothnie NG, Kemp-Harper RA, Catchpole BN (1963) Early post-operative gastrointestinal activity. Lancet ii:64–67 Rutter KRF (1974)
Electromyographic changes in certain pelvic floor abnormalities. Proc R Soc Med 67: 53 Schuffler MD (1988) Chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstruction. In: Kumar D, Gustaysson S (eds) An illustrated guide to gastrointestinal motility: Wiley, Chichester, pp 383–399
Electromyographic changes in certain pelvic floor abnormalities. Proc R Soc Med 67: 53 Schuffler MD (1988) Chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstruction. In: Kumar D, Gustaysson S (eds) An illustrated guide to gastrointestinal motility: Wiley, Chichester, pp 383–399
Snooks SJ, Swash M (1984) Perineai nerve and transcutaneous spinal stimulation: new methods for the investigation of the urethral striated sphincter musculature. Br J Urol 56: 406409
Snooks SJ, Swash M (1985) Nerve stimulation techniques. A. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency and spinal stimulation. In: Henry MM, Swash M (eds) Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. Butterworth, London, pp 112–124
Snooks Si, Setchell M, Swash M, Henry MM (1984) Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet ií: 546–550
Snooks SJ, Swash M, Henry MM (1985) Abnormalities in peripheral and central nervous conduction in ano-rectal incontinence. J R Soc Med 78: 294–300
Suh TH, Alexander L (1939) Vascular system of the human spinal cord. Arch Neurol 41: 659–687
SwashM, Mathers S (1988) Abnormalities of anorectal function. In: Kumar D, Gustaysson S (eds) An illustrated guide to gastrointestinal motility. Wiley, Chichester, pp 447–459
Varna JS (1987) Observations on some motility disturbances of the human distal bowel and pelvic floor. MD Thesis, University of Edinburgh Varna JS, Smith AN (1985) Abnormalities of colorectal function in intractable constipation following hysterectomy. Gut 26: 581–582
Varna JS, Smith AN (1986a) Anorectal function following colo-anal sleeve anastomosis for chronic radiation injury to the rectum. Br J Surg 73: 285–289
Varna JS, Smith AN (1986b) Function of the anal sphincters after chronic radiation injury. Gut 27: 528–533
Varna JS, Smith AN, Busuttil A (1985) Correlation of clinical and manometric abnormalities of rectal function following chronic radiation injury. Br J Surg 72: 875–878
Vanna JS, Binnie, NR, Smith AN, Creasey GH, Edmond P (1986) Differential effects of sacral anterior root stimulation on anal sphincter and colorectal motility in spinal man. Br J Surg 73: 478–482
Vanna JS, Bradnock JH, Smith RC, Smith AN (1988) Constipation in the elderly: a physiological study. Dis Colon Rectum 31: 111–115
Wald A (1981). Biofeedback therapy for faecal incontinence. Ann Intern Med 95: 146–149
Weber J, Denis P, Mihout B et al. (1985) Effect of brain stem lesion on colonic and anorectal motility. Study of three patients. Dig Dis Sci 30: 419–425
White JC, Verlot MG, Ehrentheil 0 (1940) Neurogenic disturbances of colon and their investigation by colonmetrogram: preliminary report. Ann Surg 112: 1042–1057
Whitehead WE, Schuster MM (1981) Behavioural approaches to the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Med Clin Am 65: 1397–1411
Wilkins JL, Hardcastle JD, Mann CV et al. (1970) Effects of neostigmine and atropine on motor activity of ileum, colon and rectum of anaesthetised subjects. Br Med J i: 793–794
Wilson JP (1976) Post-operative motility of the large intestine in man. Gut 16: 689–692
Womack NR, Williams NS, Mist JH, Morrison JFB (1987) Anorectal function in the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 30: 319–323
Wyndale JJ, De Sy WA (1985) Correlation between the findings of a clinical neurological examination and the urodynamic dysfunction in children with myelodysplasia. J Urol 133: 638–640
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, A.N., Binnie, N.R. (1991). Neurological Disorders. In: Kumar, D., Waldron, D.J., Williams, N.S. (eds) Clinical Measurement in Coloproctology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1822-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1822-0_9
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1824-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1822-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive