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Regulation of Cytoskeletal Composition in Neurons: Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control in Development, Regeneration, and Disease

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Cytoskeleton of the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 3))

Abstract

The neuronal cytoskeleton consists of microfilaments, microtubules, and neurofilaments, which are composed of actins, tubulins, and neurofilament proteins, respectively. Each of these polymers plays a distinctive role that is subserved from embryo to adult by modulating the relative mix of the different subtypes and isoforms of their constituent monomeric subunits. Expression levels of each of these cytoskeletal protein subunits are under tight spatial and temporal control, especially during neuronal process outgrowth. In the adult, aberrations in the normal patterns of expression of cytoskeletal subunits accompany the failure of axon outgrowth during regeneration and neurodegenerative disease. In some cases, these abnormal expression patterns directly contribute to the pathological state, whereas in others, they reflect defects in regulatory modules that couple expression of cytoskeletal subunits to that of other essential intracellular elements. This control is governed by a complex interplay of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanisms. This chapter focuses on current knowledge of how the composition of each neuronal cytoskeletal polymer changes during the life cycle of the neuron, as well as the cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors that operate at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

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Acknowledgments

Work from the authors’ laboratories is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (BGS), the ALS Association (MJS), the Muscular Dystrophy Association – Tucson (MJS), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MJS), and the ALS Society of Canada (MJS). The authors thank John Schmidt, Kurt Gibbs, and Yuanyuan Liu for editorial comments.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, University at Albany, Albany, NY, 12222, USA

    Ben G. Szaro

  2. Molecular Brain Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada

    Michael J. Strong

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Correspondence to Ben G. Szaro .

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  1. Psychiatric Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, 10962, New York, USA

    Ralph A. Nixon

  2. Psychiatric Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, 10962, New York, USA

    Aidong Yuan

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Szaro, B.G., Strong, M.J. (2011). Regulation of Cytoskeletal Composition in Neurons: Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control in Development, Regeneration, and Disease. In: Nixon, R., Yuan, A. (eds) Cytoskeleton of the Nervous System. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 3. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6787-9_24

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