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Otto Frank studied pressure-volume relations in the isolated frog heart. He found different End-Systolic Pressure-Volume Relations, ESPVR’s, for the ejecting heart and the isovolumically contracting heart. In other words, a single unique End-Systolic Pressure-Volume Relation did not appear to exist.
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Westerhof, N., Stergiopulos, N., Noble, M.I.M. (2010). The Pressure-Volume Relation. In: Snapshots of Hemodynamics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6363-5_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6363-5_13
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