Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Psychological Co-morbidities of COPD

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Psychological Co-morbidities of Physical Illness

  • 1071 Accesses

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, debilitating disease characterized by airflow limitations that result in significant morbidity and mortality. This chapter will review the pathophysiology of COPD, the prevalence of both the disease and its psychological comorbidities, anxiety, panic disorder, and depression and explore evidence-based treatment options.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adshead, F., Cody, D., & Pitt, B. (1992). BASDEC: A novel screening instrument for depression in elderly medical patients. British Medical Journal, 305(6854), 648.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aghanwa, H. S., & Erhabor, G. E. (2001). Specific psychiatric morbidity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Nigerian general hospital. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 50, 179–183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexopoulos, G. S., Sirey, J. A., Raue, P. J., Kanellopoulos, D., Clark, T. E., & Novitch, R. (2006). Outcomes of depressed patients undergoing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 466–475.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Almagro, P., Barreiro, B., Ochoa de Echaguen, A., Quintana, S., Carballeira, M., Heredia, J., et al. (2006). Risk factors for hospital readmission in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration, 73, 311–317.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Almagro, P., Calbo, E., Ochoa de Echaguen, A., Barreiro, B., Quintana, S., Heredia, J., et al. (2002). Mortality after hospitalization in COPD. Chest, 121(5), 1441–1448.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Almagro, P., Garcia, F., Cabrera, F., Montero, L., Morchon, D., Diez, J., et al. (2009). Comorbidity and gender-related differences in patients hospitalized for COPD, The ECCO study. Respiratory Medicine, 20, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Quick reference to the diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV-TR. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, F., Borg, S., Jansson, S. A., Jonsson, A. C., Ericsson, A., Prutz, C., et al. (2002). The costs of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Medicine, 96, 700–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyropoulou, P., Patakas, D., Koukou, A., Vasiliadis, P., & Georgopoulos, D. (1993). Buspirone effect on breathlessness and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration, 60, 216–220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, P. H. (2004). The dyspnea-anxiety-dyspnea cycle-COPD patients’ stories of breathlessness: “It’s scary/when you can’t breathe”. Qualitative Health Research, 14(6), 760–778.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barbee, J. G., Billings, C. K., Bologna, N. B., & Townsend, M. H. (2003). A follow-up study of DSM-III-R generalized anxiety disorder with syndromal and subsyndromal major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 73(3), 229–236.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1961). A systematic investigation of depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2, 163–170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1978). Depression inventory. Philadelphia: Center for Cognitive Therapy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. (2005). Anxiety disorders and phobias: Cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck depression inventory twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beekman, A. T., Copeland, J. R., & Prince, M. J. (1999). Review of community prevalence of depression in later life. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 307–311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bejelland, I., Dahl, A., Haug, T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale: An updated literature review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 52, 69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borson, S., Claypoole, K., & McDonald, G. (1998). Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Treatment trials. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 3, 115–130.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borson, S., McDonald, G. J., Gayle, T., Deffebach, M., Lakshminarayan, S., & VanTuinen, C. (1992). Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortriptyline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Psychomatics, 33(2), 190–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bosley, C. M., Corden, Z. M., Rees, P. J., & Cochrane, G. M. (1996). Psychological factors associated with use of home nebulized therapy for COPD. The European Respiratory Journal, 9(11), 2346–2350.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenes, G. A. (2003). Anxiety and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevalence, impact, and treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 963–970.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E. S., & Chandler, P. A. (2001). Mood and cognitive changes during systemic corticosteroid therapy. Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 3, 17–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buist, A. S., McBurnie, M. A., Vollmer, W. M., Gillespie, S., Burney, P., Mannino, D. M., et al. (2007). International variations in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD study): A population-based prevalence study. The Lancet, 370(9589), 741–750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Celli, B. R., Cote, C. G., Marin, J. M., Casanova, C., de Oca, M. M., Mendez, R. A., et al. (2004). The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 350(10), 1005–1012.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Celli, B. R., & MacNee, W. (2004). Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: A summary of the ATS/ERS Task Force. The European Respiratory Journal, 23, 932–946.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chavannes, N. H., Huibers, M. J., Schermer, T. R., Hendriks, A., van Weel, C., Wouters, E., et al. (2005). Associations of depressive symptoms with gender, body mass index, and dyspnea in primary care COPD patients. Family Practice, 22, 604–607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Fact Sheet. August 2006. American Lung Association. Accessed March 8, 2007, www.lungusa.org

  • Connors, A. F., Dawson, N. V., Thomas, C., Harrell, F. F., Desbiens, N., Fulkerson, W. J., et al. (1996). Outcomes following acute exacerbation of severe chronic obstructive disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 154, 959–967.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • COPD International. Accessed February 7, 2010, www.copd-international.com

  • Cote, C. G., & Celli, B. R. (2009). BODE index: A new tool to stage and monitor progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska, 77, 305–313.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coventry, P. A. (2009). Does pulmonary rehabilitation reduce anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 15, 143–149.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coventry, P. A., & Gellatly, J. L. (2008). Improving outcomes for COPD patients with mild-to-moderate anxiety and depression: A systematic review of cognitive behavioral therapy. British Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 381–400.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coventry, P. A., & Hind, D. (2007). Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation for anxiety and depression in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 63, 551–565.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cully, J. A., Graham, D. P., Stanley, M. A., Ferguson, C. J., Sharafkhaneh, A., Souchek, J., et al. (2006). Quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid anxiety or depression. Psychosomatics, 47(4), 312–319.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlen, I., & Jansen, C. (2002). Anxiety and depression are related to the outcome of emergency treatment in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest, 122, 1633–1637.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damarla, M., Celli, R., Mullerova, H., & Pinto-Plata, V. (2006). Discrepancy in the use of confirmatory tests in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or congestive heart failure. Respiratory Care, 51, 1120–1124.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Godoy, D., & de Godoy, R. (2003). A randomized controlled trial of the effect of psychotherapy on anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 1154–1157.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Godoy, R. F., Teixeira, P. J., Junior, B. B., Michellli, M., & de Godoy, D. V. (2009). Long-term repercussions of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on the indices of anxiety, depression, quality of life and physical performance in patients with COPD. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 35(2), 129–136.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Torres, J., Casanova, C., Hernandez, C., Abreu, J., Aquirre-Jaime, A., & Celli, B. (2005). Gender and COPD in patients attending a pulmonary clinic. Chest, 128, 2012–2016.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Torres, J., Casanova, C., Hernandez, C., Abreu, J., Montejo de Garcini, A., & Aquirre-Jaime, A. (2006). Gender associated differences in determinants of quality of life in patients with COPD: A case series study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 4, 72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiMarco, F., Verga, M., Reggente, M., Casanova, F., Santus, P., Blasi, F., et al. (2006). Anxiety and depression in COPD patients: The roles of gender and disease severity. Respiratory Medicine, 100, 1767–1774.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMatteo, M. R., Lepper, H. S., & Croghan, T. W. (2000). Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: Meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160, 2101–2107.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowson, C., Laing, R., Barraclough, R., Town, I., Mulder, R., Norris, K., et al. (2001). The use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 114, 447–449.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, W. W., Kessler, R. C., Wittchen, H. U., & Magee, W. J. (1994). Panic and panic disorder in the United States. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 413–420.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eiser, N., Harte, R., Karvounis, S., Phillips, C., & Isaac, M. (2005). Effect of treating depression on quality of life and exercise tolerance in severe COPD. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2, 233–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eiser, N., West, C., Evans, S., Jeffers, A., & Quirk, F. (1997). Effects of psychotherapy in moderately severe COPD: A pilot study. The European Respiratory Journal, 10, 1581–1584.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elci, A., Borekci, S., Ovayolu, N., & Elbek, O. (2008). The efficacy and applicability of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme for patients with COPD in a secondary-care community hospital. Respirology, 13, 703–707.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emery, C. F., Green, M. R., & Suh, S. (2008). Neuropsychiatric function in chronic lung disease: The role of pulmonary rehabilitation. Respiratory Care, 53(9), 1208–1216.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emery, C. F., Schein, R. L., Hauck, E. R., & MacIntyre, N. R. (1998). Psychological and cognitive outcomes of a randomized trial of exercise among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Health Psychology, 17, 232–240.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, M., Hammond, M., Wilson, K., Lye, M., & Copeland, J. (1997). Placebo controlled treatment trial of depression in elderly physically ill patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12, 817–824.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, V. S., Giardino, N. D., Blough, D. K., Kaplan, R. M., & Ramsey, S. D. (2008). Costs of pulmonary rehabilitation and predictors of adherence in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 5, 105–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, V. S., Ramsey, S. D., Giardino, N. D., Make, B. J., Emery, C. F., Diaz, P. T., et al. (2007). Sex, depression, and risk of hospitalization and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(21), 2345–2353.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, J. M., Aucott, L., van der Werf, R. H., van der Meijden, M. S., Schraa, G., Postma, D. S., et al. (2006). High patient perceived side effects related to higher daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids in the community: A cross-sectional analysis. Respiratory Medicine, 100, 1318–1336.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Funk, G., Kirchheiner, K., Burghuber, O. C., & Hartl, S. (2009). BODE index versus GOLD classification for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms in patients with COPD – A cross sectional study. Respiratory Research, 10, 1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gan, W. Q., Man, S. F., Senthilselvan, A., & Sin, D. D. (2004). Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax, 59(7), 574–580.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelb, A. F., & Zamel, N. (1975). Effect of aging on lung mechanics in healthy nonsmokers. Chest, 68(4), 538–541.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerhardsson de Verdier, M. (2008). The big three concept: A way to tackle the health care crisis? Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 5(8), 800–805.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gift, A. G., Moore, T., & Soeken, K. (1992). Relaxation to reduce dyspnea and anxiety in COPD patients. Nursing Research, 41, 242–246.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Global Obstructive Lung Initiative (GOLD), updated 2009. Accessed February 7, 2010, www.goldcopd.com

  • Griffiths, T. L., Burr, M. L., Campbell, I. A., Lewis-Jenkins, V., Mullins, J., Shiels, K., et al. (2000). Results at 1 year of outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial. The Lancet, 355, 362–368.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewegen, K. H., Schols, A. M., & Wouters, E. F. (2003). Mortality and mortality-related factors after hospitalization for acute exacerbation of COPD. Chest, 124, 459–467.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gudmundsson, G., Gislason, T., Janson, C., Lindberg, E., Hallin, R., Ulrik, C., et al. (2005). Risk factors rehospitalization in COPD: Role of health status, anxiety and depression. The European Respiratory Journal, 26, 414–419.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guell, R., Casan, P., Belda, J., Sangenis, M., Morante, F., Guyatt, G., et al. (2000). Long-term effect of outpatient rehabilitation of COPD. Chest, 117, 976–983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guell, R., Resqueti, V., Sangenis, M., Morante, F., Martorell, B., Casan, P., et al. (2006). Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on psychosocial morbidity in patients with severe COPD. Chest, 129, 899–904.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halbert, R. J., Natoli, J. L., Gano, A., Badamgarav, E., Buist, A. S., & Mannino, D. M. (2006). Global burden of COPD: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The European Respiratory Journal, 28, 523–532.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. The British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, M. K., Postma, D., Mannino, D. M., Giardino, N. D., Buist, S., Curtis, J. L., et al. (2007). Gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Why it matters. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 176, 1179–1184.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hann, D., Winter, K., & Jacobson, P. (1999). Measurement of depressive symptoms in cancer patients: Evaluation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 437–443.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heslop, K., De Soyza, A., Baker, C., Stenton, C., & Burns, G. (2009). Using individualized cognitive behavioral therapy as a treatment for people with COPD. Nursing Times, 105(14), 14–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, C., Hallas, C., Wray, J., & Carby, M. (2009). The relationship between illness perceptions and panic in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 71–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hurd, S. (2000). The impact of COPD on lung health worldwide: Epidemiology and incidence. Chest, 117(2 Suppl.), 1S–4S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynninen, M. J., Pallesen, S., & Nordhaus, I. (2007). Factors affecting health status in COPD patients with co-morbid anxiety or depression. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2(3), 323–328.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jemal, A., Ward, E., Hao, Y., & Thun, M. (2005). Trends in leading causes of death in the United States, 1970–2002. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294(10), 1255–1259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. A., & Heather, B. B. (1974). The sensitivity of the Beck Depression Inventory to changes in symptomatology. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 184–185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Judd, L. L., Akiskal, H. S., Maser, J. D., Zeller, P. J., Endicott, J., Coryell, W., et al. (1998). A prospective 12-year study of subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms in unipolar major depressive disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(8), 694–700.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karajgi, B., Rifkin, A., Doddi, S., & Kolli, R. (1990). The prevalence of anxiety disorders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 200–201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kayahan, B., Karapolat, H., Atyntoprak, E., Atasever, A., & Ozturk, O. (2006). Psychological outcomes of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Medicine, 100, 1050–1057.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Report (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 612–627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., et al. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H. F., Kunik, M. E., Molinari, V. A., Hillman, S. L., Lalani, S., Orengo, C., et al. (2000). Functional impairment in COPD patients: The impact of anxiety and depression. Psychosomatics, 41, 465–471.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, H. G., & Kuchibhatla, M. (1998). Use of health services by hospitalized medically ill depressed elderly patients. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 871–877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozora, E., Tran, Z. V., & Make, B. (2002). Neurobehavioral improvement after brief rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 22, 426–430.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression screening measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., & Lowe, B. (2009). An ultra- brief screening tool for anxiety and depression: The PHQ-4. Psychosomatics, 50(6), 613–621.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S., & Gross, N. J. (2002). The global initiative for COPD: What you need to know; smoking cessation is still the most effective way to reduce risk (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Journal of Respiratory Disease, 23(11), 549–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunik, M., Azzam, P., Souchek, J., Cully, J., Wray, N., Krishnan, L., et al. (2007). A practical screening tool for anxiety and depression in patients with chronic breathing disorders. Psychosomatics, 48, 16–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kunik, M. E., Braun, U., Stanley, M. A., Wristers, K., Molinari, V., Stoebner, D., et al. (2001). One session cognitive behavioral therapy for elderly patients with chronic pulmonary disease. Psychological Medicine, 31, 717–723.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunik, M. E., Roundy, K., Veazey, C., Souchek, J., Richardson, P., Wray, N. P., et al. (2005). Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders. Chest, 127, 1205–1211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kunik, M. E., Veazey, C., Cully, J. A., Soucek, J., Graham, D. P., Hopko, D., et al. (2008). COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 38, 385–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacasse, Y., Beaudoin, L., Rousseau, L., & Maltais, F. (2004). Randomized trial of paroxetine in end-stage COPD. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, 61, 140–147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laurin, C., Lavoie, K., Bacon, S., Dupuis, G., Lacoste, G., Cartier, A., et al. (2007). Sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders with psychological distress in patients with COPD. Chest, 132, 148–155.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lenfant, C. (2005). Medical and psychiatric illness: Different but concurrent! Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental, 54, 53–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, K. E., Annandale, J. A., Sykes, R. N., Hurlin, C., Owen, C., & Harrison, N. K. (2007). Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with severe COPD: Similar high levels with and without LTOT. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 4, 305–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisansky, D., & Hendel-Clough, D. (1996). A cognitive-behavioral self-help educational program for patients with COPD: A pilot study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65, 97–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Livermore, N., Butler, J. E., Sharpe, L., McBain, R. A., Gandevia, S. C., & McKenzie, D. K. (2008). Panic attacks and perception of inspiratory resistive loads in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 178, 7–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Livermore, N., Sharpe, L., & McKenzie, D. (2010). Prevention of panic attacks and panic disorder in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The European Respiratory Journal, 35(3), 557–563.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lolak, S., Connors, G., Sheridan, M., & Wise, T. (2009). Effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and depression in patients enrolled in an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77, 119–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, J., Rebbapragada, V., Borson, S., Goldstein, R., Kunik, M., Yohannes, A. M., et al. (2008). Anxiety and depression in COPD: Current understanding, unanswered questions, and research needs. Chest, 134, 43S–56S.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGeoch, G., Willsman, K., Dowson, C., Town, G., Frampton, C., & McCartin, F. (2006). Self management plans in the primary care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology, 11, 611–618.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNair, D. M., & Lorr, M. (1964). An analysis of mood in neurotics. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69, 620–627.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menzin, J., Boulanger, L., Marton, J., Guadagno, L., Dastani, H., Dirani, R., et al. (2008). The economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a U.S. Medicare population. Respiratory Medicine, 102, 1248–1256.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mikkelsen, R. L., Middelboe, T., Pisinger, C., & Stage, K. B. (2004). Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive disease (COPD). Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58, 65–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M. C., & Zebb, B. J. (1998). Functional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The moderating effect of panic. International Journal of Rehabilitation and Health, 42(2), 83–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M. C., & Zebb, B. J. (1999). The catastrophic misinterpretation of physiological distress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1105–1118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narsavage, G. L., & Chen, K. Y. (2008). Factors related to depressed mood in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases after hospitalization. Home Health care nurse, 26(8), 447–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nazir, S. A., & Erbland, M. L. (2009). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An update on diagnosis and management issues in older adults. Drugs & Aging, 26(10), 813–831.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, T. P., Niti, M., Tan, W. C., Cao, Z., Ong, K. C., & Eng, P. (2007). Depressive symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Effect on mortality, hospital readmission symptom burden, functional status, and quality of life. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 60–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H. Q., & Carrieri-Kohlman, V. (2005). Dyspnea self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Moderating effects of depressed mood. Psychosomatics, 46, 402–410.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nici, L., Donner, D., Wouters, E., Zuwallack, R., Ambrosino, N., Bourbeau, J., et al. (2006). American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 173, 1390–1413.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norwood, R., & Balkissoon, R. (2005). Current perspectives on management and co-morbid depression in COPD. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2, 185–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, E. S. (2002). Illness representation and coping of women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study. Heart & Lung, 31, 295–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ormel, J., Kempen, G., Deeg, D., Brilman, E., Sondersen, E., & Relyveld, J. (1998). Functioning, well-being, and health perception in late middle-age and older people: Comparing the effects of depressive symptoms and chronic medical conditions. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46, 39–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ottanelli, R., Rosi, E., Ronchi, M. C., Grazzini, M., Lanini, B., Stendardi, L., et al. (2001). Perception of bronchoconstriction in smokers with airflow limitation. Clinical Science, 101(5), 515–522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papp, L. A., Weiss, J. R., Greenberg, H. E., Rifkin, A., Scharf, S. M., Gorman, J. M., et al. (1995). Sertraline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and co-morbid anxiety and mood disorders (letter to the editor). The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1531.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patten, S. B., & Williams, J. V. (2007). Chronic obstructive lung diseases and prevalence of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders in a large population sample. Psychosomatics, 48(6), 496–501.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paz-Diaz, H., de Oca, M., Lopez, J., & Celli, B. (2007). Pulmonary rehabilitation improves depression, anxiety, dyspnea, and health status in patients with COPD. American Journal of Physical Medical & Rehabilitation, 86, 30–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Physician’s desk reference. (2009). 63rd, Florence, KY: Thomson Healthcare.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porzelius, J., Vest, M., & Nochomovitz, M. (1992). Respiratory function, cognitions, and panic in chronic obstructive pulmonary patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 75–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puhan, M. A., Scharplatz, M., Trooster, T., & Steurer, J. (2005). Respiratory rehabilitation after acute exacerbation of COPD may reduce risk for readmission and mortality – A systematic review. Respiratory Research, 6, 54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quint, J. K., Baghai-Ravary, R., Donaldson, G. C., & Wedzicha, J. A. (2008). Relationship between depression and exacerbations in COPD. The European Respiratory Journal, 32(1), 53–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabe, K. F., Hurd, S., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Buist, S. A., Calverley, P., et al. (2007). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Gold executive summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 174, 532–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radloff, L. S. (1991). The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale on adolescents and your adults. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 20, 149–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raji, M. A. (2006). On depression, antidepressant medications, and resuscitation preferences in COPD patients. Chest, 129, 211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rapaport, M. H., & Judd, L. L. (1998). Minor depressive disorder and subsyndromal depressive symptoms: Functional impairment and response to treatment. Journal of Affective Disorder, 48(2–3), 227–232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ries, A. L., Kaplan, R. M., Limberg, T. M., & Prewitt, L. M. (1995). Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physiologic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Internal Medicine, 122, 823–832.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, C., Wallace, L., Dickson, R., Ayres, J., Lehman, R., Searle, Y., et al. (2002). The most effective psychologically-based treatments to reduce anxiety and panic in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 47, 311–318.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roundy, K., Cully, J., Stanley, M., Veazey, C., Souchek, J., Wray, N., et al. (2005). Are anxiety and depression addressed in primary care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A chart review. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 7, 213–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy-Byrne, P., Katon, W., Broadhead, W. E., Lepine, J. P., Richards, J., Brantley, P. J., et al. (1994). Subsyndromal (“mixed”) anxiety-depression in primary care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9(9), 507–512.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sassi-Dambron, D. E., Eakin, E. G., Ries, A. L., & Kaplan, R. M. (1995). Treatment of dyspnea in COPD: A controlled clinical trial of dyspnea management strategies. Chest, 107, 724–729.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schane, R. E., Woodruff, P. G., Dinno, A., Covinsky, M. D., & Walter, L. C. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(11), 1757–1762.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, C., Jicks, S., Bothner, U., & Meier, C. R. (2010). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of depression. Chest, 137, 341–347.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seemungal, T. A., Donaldson, N. V., Paul, E. A., Bestall, J. C., Jeffries, D. J., & Wedzicha, J. A. (1998). Effects of exacerbations on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 157, 1418–1422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seung-Kim, H. F., Kunik, M. E., Molinari, V. A., Hillman, S. L., Lalani, S., Orengo, C. A., et al. (2000). Functional impairment in COPD patients: The impact of anxiety and depression. Psychosomatics, 41, 465–471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvertooth, E. J., Doraiswamy, P. M., Clary, G. L., Babyak, M. A., Wilkerson, N., Hellegars, C., et al. (2004). Citalopram and quality of life in lung transplant recipients. Psychosomatics, 45, 271–272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N. P., Despars, J. A., Stansbury, D. W., Avalos, K., & Light, R. W. (1993). Effects of buspirone on anxiety levels and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic airflow obstruction and mild anxiety. Chest, 103, 800–804.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirey, J. A., Raue, P. J., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2007). An intervention to improve depression care in older adults with COPD. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 154–159.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smoller, J. W., Pollack, M. H., Otto, M. W., Rosenbaum, J. F., & Kradin, R. L. (1996). Panic anxiety, dyspnea, and respiratory disease: Theoretical and clinical considerations. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 154, 6–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smoller, J. W., Pollack, M. H., Systrom, D., & Kradin, R. L. (1998). Sertraline effects on dyspnea in patients with obstructive airways disease. Psychosomatics, 39, 24–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Theory and research on anxiety. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., & Williams, J. B. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of Prime-MD: The PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluative of Mental Disorder. Patient Health Questionnaire. Journal of the American Medical Association. 282(18), 1737–1744.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stage, K. B., Middleboe, T., & Pisinger, C. (2005). Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Impact on survival. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 111, 320–323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talamo, C., de Oca, M. M., Halbert, R., Perez-Padilla, R., Jardim, J., Muino, A., et al. (2007). Diagnostic labeling of COPD in five Latin American cities. Chest, 131, 60–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tashkin, D., Kanner, R., Bailey, W., Buist, S., Anderson, P., Nides, M., et al. (2001). Smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. The Lancet, 357, 1571–1575.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Manen, J. G., Bindels, P. J., Dekker, F. W., Ijzermans, C. J., van der Zee, J. S., & Schade, E. (2002). Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants. Thorax, 57, 412–416.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Manen, J. G., Bindels, P. J. E., IJzermans, C. J., van der Zee, J. S., Bottems, B. J. A. M., & Schade, E. (2001). Prevalence of comorbidity in patients with chronic airway obstruction and controls over the age of 40. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54, 287–293.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verburg, K., Griez, E., Meijer, J., Pois, H. (1995). Respiratory disorders as a possible predisposed factor for panic disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 33(2), 129–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Versiani, M., Moreno, R., Ramakers-van Moorsel, C. J., & Schutte, A. J. (2005). Comparison of the effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine in severely depressed patients. CNS Drugs, 19, 137–146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagena, E. J., Arrindell, W. A., Wouters, E. F., & van Schayck, C. P. (2005). Are patients with COPD psychologically distressed? The European Respiratory Journal, 26, 242–248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagena, E. J., Knipschild, P. G., Huibers, M. J., Wouters, E. F., & van Schayck, C. P. (2005). Efficacy of bupropion and nortriptyline for smoking cessation among people at risk for or with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165, 2286–2292.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wamboldt, F. S. (2005). Anxiety and depression in COPD: A call (and need) for further research. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2, 199–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, T. E., & Narsavage, G. L. (1992). Physiological variables related to functional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nursing Research, 41, 286–291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, T. E., Richmond, T. S., & Narsavage, G. L. (1997). An explanatory model of functional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nursing Research, 46, 26–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Withers, N. J., Rudkin, S. T., & White, R. J. (1999). Anxiety and depression in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 19, 362–365.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2010). Chronic respiratory diseases: Burden. Accessed February 7, 2010, http://www/who.int/respiratory/copd/burden/en

  • Xu, W., Collet, J., Shapiro, S., Lin, Y., Yang, T., Platt, R. W., et al. (2008). Independent effect of depression and anxiety on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and hospitalizations. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 178, 913–920.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yellowlees, P. M., Alpers, J. H., Bowden, J. J., Bryant, G. D., & Ruffin, R. E. (1987). Psychiatric morbidity in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. The Medical Journal of Australia, 146, 305–307.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yohannes, A. M., Baldwin, R. C., & Connolly, M. J. (2000). Depression and anxiety in elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevalence and validation of the BASDEC screening questionnaire. International Journal of Psychiatry, 15, 1090–1096.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yohannes, A. M., Baldwin, R. C., & Connolly, M. J. (2003). Prevalence of subthreshold depression in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(5), 412–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yohannes, A. M., Baldwin, R. C., & Connolly, M. J. (2005). Predictors of 1-year mortality in patients discharged from hospital following acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive disease. Age and Ageing, 34, 491–496.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yohannes, A. M., Connolly, M. J., & Baldwin, R. C. (2001). A feasibility study of antidepressant drug therapy in depressed elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 451–454.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zandbergen, G., Bright, M., Pots, H., Fernandez, I., Dehoof, C., Gricz, E.G. (1991). Higher lifetime prevalence of respiratory diseases in panic disorder? American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(11), 1583–1585.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nursing, West Virginia University, 6201, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA

    Susan McCrone PhD, RN

  2. West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Heidi Putnam-Casdorph PhD, RN

Authors
  1. Susan McCrone PhD, RN
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Heidi Putnam-Casdorph PhD, RN
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susan McCrone PhD, RN .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical School, Div. Preventive & Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts, N. Lake Ave. 55, Worcester, 01655, Massachusetts, USA

    Sherry Pagoto

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McCrone, S., Putnam-Casdorph, H. (2011). Psychological Co-morbidities of COPD. In: Pagoto, S. (eds) Psychological Co-morbidities of Physical Illness. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0029-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0029-6_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0030-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0029-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation