Building Failure

Synonyms

Building collapse; Structure failure

Definition

Building failure occurs when the building loses its ability to perform its intended (design) function. Hence, building failures can be categorized into the two broad groups of physical (structural) failures (which result in the loss of certain characteristics, e.g., strength) and performance failures (which means a reduction in function below an established acceptable limit) (Douglas and Ransom, 2007).

Structural failure corresponds to the exceedance of ultimate limit state in many of the load-carrying elements, which compromise the structural stability of the building. In practice, this corresponds to extensive damage, partial or total collapse of the building, resulting in repair costs that are high relative to the replacement value of the building.

Performance failure can be induced by the failure of structural elements (as per above), nonstructural component (non-load-bearing elements or equipment) failures or combinations...