Synonyms
Magmatic eruptions; Volcanic explosions
Definition
Volcanic Eruptions. The expulsion of liquid rock (magma) – explosively or effusively – onto the earth’s surface, either above or below water, through a vent. During a volcanic eruption, lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, rocks, pumice), and various gases are expelled. The following are the main eruption types:
Hawaiian low viscosity lava, high effusion rates, passive venting to fire-fountaining; low level to no plume
Strombolian moderate viscosity lava, high effusion rates, vigorous fire-fountaining; low level plume
Vulcanian moderate viscosity lava, moderate effusion rates, fire-fountaining to explosive ejection; low-mod level plume; early phases sometime phreatomagmatic
Peléan moderate viscosity lava, low-moderate effusion rates, explosive ejection; low-mod level plume
Plinian high viscosity lava, moderate effusion rates, explosive ejection; moderate-high level plume
Ultra-Plinianhigh viscosity lava, high effusion rates,...
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Hickson, C.J., Spurgeon, T.C., Tilling, R.I. (2013). Eruption Types (Volcanic Eruptions). In: Bobrowsky, P.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_122
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