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The Uniqueness of Tetrahydrofolate Synthesis and One-Carbon Metabolism in Plants

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Book cover Plant Mitochondria: From Genome to Function

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 17))

Summary

In all living organisms a great variety of reactions involve transfer of single carbon units from one molecule to another. These one-carbon (C1) reactions play essential roles in major cellular processes including the synthesis of nucleic acids, protein biosynthesis in the organelles, amino acid metabolism, pantothenate biosynthesis, and the biogenesis of many methylated products. One-carbon transfer reactions are mediated by tetrahydrofolate, a soluble coenzyme (vitamin B9) that is synthesized de novo by plants and microorganisms, and absorbed from the diet by animals. C1 metabolism and tetrahydrofolate synthesis in plants exhibit features that are not found in other organisms. Beyond the unique gene organization and/or biochemical properties of some of these reactions, the most fascinating aspect is the complex subcellular compartmentation of folate synthesis and folate-mediated reactions in the plant cell. Thus, the enzymes involved in the biogenesis of tetrahydrofolate are distributed over the plastids, the cytosol, and the mitochondria. Also, these compartments contain parallel sets of activities required to generate C1-substituted folate coenzymes. This chapter will focus on the most recent advances in knowledge of C1 metabolism in plants with particular emphasize regardir the role of mitochondria and the traffic of folate coenzymes between the different compartments.

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Abbreviations

5:

FCL: 5-formyltetrahydro folate cycloligase

IO:

CHO-H4F: 10-formyltetrahydro folate

ADC:

aminodeoxychorismate

AdoMet:

S-adenosylmethionine

CH2 :

H4F: 5,10-methylenetetrahydro folate

CH3 :

H4F: 5 -methy ltetrahy drofolate

DHFR:

dihydrofolate reductase

DHFS:

dihydrofolate synthetase

DHNA:

dihydroneopterin aldolase

DHPS:

dihydropteroate synthase

dTMP:

deoxythymidine-monophosphate

FDH:

formate dehydrogenase

FPGS:

folylpolyglutamate synthetase

FTHFS:

10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase

GDC:

glycine decarboxylase complex

GTPCHI:

GTP-cyclohydrolase I

H4B:

tetrahydrobiopterin

H4F:

tetrahydrofolate

H4F:

Glu: folylpolyglutamate

HPPK:

hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphokinase

MTHFR:

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

p-ABA:

p-aminobenzoate

SHMT:

serine hydroxymethyltransferase

SMM:

S-methylmethionine

TS:

thymidylate synthase

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  1. Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Département Réponse et Dynamique Cellulaires, CEA-Grenoble UMR5168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France

    Stéphane Ravanel, Roland Douce & Fabrice Rébeillé

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  1. Stéphane Ravanel
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  1. School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia

    David A. Day , A. Harvey Millar  & James Whelan ,  & 

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Ravanel, S., Douce, R., Rébeillé, F. (2004). The Uniqueness of Tetrahydrofolate Synthesis and One-Carbon Metabolism in Plants. In: Day, D.A., Millar, A.H., Whelan, J. (eds) Plant Mitochondria: From Genome to Function. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 17. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2400-9_12

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